Open Access
Research (Published online: 13-07-2017)
11. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in diarrheic buffalo calves
M. Srivani, Y. Narasimha Reddy, K. V. Subramanyam, M. Ramakoti Reddy and T. Srinivasa Rao
Veterinary World, 10(7): 774-778

M. Srivani: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Krishna - 521 101, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Y. Narasimha Reddy: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
K. V. Subramanyam: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Krishna - 521 101, Andhra Pradesh, India.
M. Ramakoti Reddy: Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
T. Srinivasa Rao: Department of Veterinary Public Health, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.774-778

Share this article on [Facebook] [LinkedIn]

Article history: Received: 31-10-2016, Accepted: 20-04-2017, Published online: 13-07-2017

Corresponding author: M. Srivani

E-mail: srivanimoturi@yahoo.com

Citation: Srivani M, Reddy YN, Subramanyam KV, Reddy MR, Srinivasa Rao T (2017) Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in diarrheic buffalo calves, Veterinary World, 10(7): 774-778.
Abstract

Aim: Aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, virulence gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in diarrheic buffalo calves from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana States.

Materials and Methods: A total of 375 fecal samples from diarrheic buffalo calves of 1-7, 8-30, 31-60, and 61-90 days age were collected from which STEC were isolated, and virulence genes were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial resistance of isolates was tested by disk diffusion method.

Results: The prevalence of E. coli associated diarrhea in buffalo calves was 85.04%, of which 35.01% was STEC origin. In STEC, the combination of eaeA and, hlyA virulence genes was highest (42.45%) followed by stx1 (16.04%), stx1, stx2 and hlyA (13.21%), stx2 (12.64%), stx1, eae and hlyA (9.43%) and stx1 and hlyA (6.6%) genes were detected. Highest antimicrobial resistance was observed for tetracycline (63.21%) and ampicillin (48.11%), while chloramphenicol, gentamycin (96.33%) and imipenem (99.06%) antibiotics are susceptible. Multidrug resistance was detected in 69.81% of the STEC isolates from diarrheic buffalo calves.

Conclusion: Higher prevalence of eaeA and hlyA genes carrying isolates of STEC may be a serious zoonotic threat and increased prevalence of multidrug resistance in E. coli may necessitate stringent selection of appropriate antimicrobial agent in treating buffalo calf diarrhea cases.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, buffalo calf diarrheia, Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli, virulence genes.

References

1. Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W. and Constable, P.D., editors. (2007) Veterinary Medicine. 10th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. p847-888.

2. Tiwari, R., Sharma, M.C. and Singh, B.P. (2007) Buffalo calf health care in commercial dairy farms: A field study in Uttar Pradesh (India). Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 19(3): 38.

3. Abubaker, A., Ayis, E.I., Ali, A., Elgaddal, Y. and Almofti, A. (2015) Isolation, identification and enterotoxin detection of Escherichia coli isolated from calf diarrhea and their virulence characteristics. J. Appl. Ind. Sci., 3(4): 141-149.

4. Sandhu, K.S. and Gyles, C.L. (2002) Pathogenic shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in the intestine of calves. Can. J. Vet. Res., 66: 65-72. [PubMed] [PMC]

5. Paton, A.W. and Paton, J.C. (1998) Detection and characterization of shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli by using multiplex PCR assays for stx1, stx2, eaeA, enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA, rfbO111, and rfbO157. J. Clin. Microbiol., 36: 598-602. [PubMed] [PMC]

6. Blanco, M., Blanco, J.E., Mora, A., Dahbi, G., Alonso, M.P., Gonzalez, E.A., Bernardez, M.I. and Blanco, J. (2004) Serotypes virulence genes, and intimin types of shiga toxin (verotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from cattle in Spain and identification of a new intimin variant gene (eae-ξ). J. Clin. Microbiol., 42: 645-651.

7. Schmidt, H., Beutin, L. and Karch, H. (1995) Molecular analysis of the plasmid-encoded hemolysin of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL 933. Infect. Immun., 63: 1055-1061. [PubMed] [PMC]

8. Kumar, A., Verma, A.K., Malik, S., Gupta, M.K., Sharma, A. and Rahal, A. (2013) Occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing alpha hemolytic Escherichia coli in neonatal diarrhea. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10(3): 923-929.

9. Cruickshank, R. (1970) Medical Microbiology. 11th ed. The English Language Book Society E and Livingston Ltd., Edinburgh.

10. Sundong-Bo S., Rui, W.U., Xian-Jing, H.E., Shuang, W., Yun-Cheng, L., Xu, H.A., Yue-Qiang, W., Ting-Ting, G.U.O., Guo-Jun, W.U. and Ke-Li, Y. (2011) Development of a multiplex PCR for diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus from cows with endometritis. Agric. Sci. China, 10(10): 1624-1629. [Crossref]

11. Wani, S.A., Bhat, M.A., Samanta, I., Nishikawa, Y. and Buchh, A.S. (2003) Isolation and characterization of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from calves and lambs with diarrhea in India. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., (37): 121-126. [Crossref]

12. Bauer, A.W., Kirly, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C. and Turck, M. (1966) Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 45: 493-496. [PubMed]

13. Deepti, N., Madhu, S. and Shrivastav, A.B. (2015) Detection of verotoxin producing strain of E. coli in buffalo calves. Buffalo Bull., 34 (2): 227-229.

14. Abdulgayeid, M., Hazem, S., Seham, F. and Madiha, S.I. (2015) Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from buffalo calves in El-Behera Governorate. Alex. J. Vet. Sci., 47(1): 90-96. [Crossref]

15. Helal, A.D., Hanan, E.N., Abdel-Samea, M.E. and Abdel-Fattaiah, S.H.M. (2014) Using of traditional and quantitative cytochmecal methods of identification and enzyme characterization of some E. coli serogroups using entiritis in buffaloes. Assiut Vet. Med. J., 60(142): 121-131.

16. Anwarullah, M., Khan, J.A., Khan, M.S.K., Ashraf, K. and Avais, M. (2014) Prevalence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli associated diarrhea in buffalo and cow calves. Buffalo Bull., 33(3): 332-336.

17. Islam, M.A., Mondol, A.S., de Boer, E., Beumer, R.R., Zwietering, M.H., Talukder, K.A. and Heuvelink, A.E. (2008) Prevalence and genetic characterization of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from slaughtered animals in Bangladesh. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 74(17): 5414-5421. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]

18. Cho, Y. and Yoon, K.J. (2014) An overview of calf diarrhea-infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. J. Vet. Sci., 15(1): 1-17. [Crossref]

19. Icen, H., Arserim, N.B., Isik, N., Ozkan, C. and Kaya, A. (2013) Prevalence of four enteropathogens with immunochromatographic rapid test in the feces of diarrheic calves in east and southeast of Turkey. Pak. Vet. J., 33(4): 496-499.

20. Islam, K.M.A., Rahman, M., Nahar, A., Khair, A. and Alam, M.M. (2015) Investigation of pathogenic Escherichia coli from diarrheic calves in selective area of Bangladesh. Bang. J. Vet. Med., 13(1): 45-51. [Crossref]

21. Shahrani, M., Dehkordi, F.S. and Momtaz, H. (2014) Characterization of Escherichia coli virulence genes, pathotypes and antibiotic resistance properties in diarrheic calves in Iran. Biol. Res., 47: 28. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]

22. Paul, S.K., Khan, M.S.R., Rashid, M.A., Hassan, J. and Mahmud, S.M.S. (2010) Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli from buffalo calves in some selected areas of Bangladesh. Bang. J. Vet. Med., 8(1): 23-26.

23. Mailk, S., Amit, K., Amit, K.V., Manoj, K.G., Som, D.S., Arvind, K.S. and Anu, R. (2013) Incidence and drug resistance pattern of collibacillosis in cattle and buffalo calves in Western Utter Pradesh in India. J. Anim. Health Prod., 1(2): 15-19.

24. Borriello, G.M.G., Lucibelli, E.D.E., Carlo, C., Auriemma, D., Cozza, G., Ascione, F., Scognamiglio, G., Iovane, G. and Galiero, G. (2012) Characterization of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) and necrotoxigenic E. coli (NTEC) isolated from diarrhoeic Mediterranean water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis). Res. Vet. Sci., 93: 18-22. [Crossref]

25. Askari, B.M., Zahraei, S.T., Rabbani, K.M., Tadjbakhsh, H., Nikbakht, B.G.M. and Nadalian, M.G. (2010) Virulence gene profiles and intimin subtypes of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy and diarrhoeic calves. Vet. Rec., 167: 858-861. [Crossref] [PubMed]

26. Cobbold, R. and Desmarchelier, P. (2000) A longitudinal study of shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) prevalence in three Australian dairy herds. Vet. Microbiol., 71: 125-137. [Crossref]

27. Shaw, D.J., Jenkins, C., Pearce, M.C., Cheasty, T., Gunn, G.J. and Dougan, G. (2004) Shedding patterns of verocytotoxinproducing Escherichia coli strains in a cohort of calves and their dams on a Scottish beef farm. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70: 7456-765. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]

28. Aidar-Ugrinovich, L., Blanco, J., Blanco, M., Blanco, J.E., Leomil, L. and Dahbi, G. (2007) Serotypes, virulence genes, and intimin types of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) isolated from calves in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 115: 297-306. [Crossref]

29. Beutin, L., Krause, G., Zimmermann, S., Kaulfuss, S. and Gleifer, K. (2004) Characterization of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from human patients in Germany over a 3 years period). J. Clin. Microbiol., 42: 1099-1108. [Crossref]

30. Dastmalchi, S.H. and Ayremlou, N. (2012) Characterization of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in feces of healthy and diarrheic calves in Urmia region, Iran. Iran. J. Microbiol., 4(2): 63-69. [PubMed]

31. Wani, S.A., Hussain, I., Beg, S.A., Rather, M.A., Kabli, Z.A., Mir, M.A. and Nishikawa, Y. (2013) Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and salmonellae in calves and lambs in Kashmir: Absence, prevalence and antibiogram. Sci. Tech. Rev., 32(3): 1-17. [Crossref]

32. Osek, J., Gallien, P. and Protz, D. (2000) Characterization of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves in Poland. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 23: 267-276. [Crossref]

33. Guler, L., Gunduz, K. and Ok, U. (2008) Virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from calves in Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health, (55): 249-257. [Crossref] [PubMed]

34. Mercado, E.C., Gioffre, A., Rodriguez, S.M., Cataldi, A., Irino, K. and Elizondo, A.M. (2004) NonO157 shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic calves in Argentina. J. Vet. Med., (51): 82-88. [Crossref] [PubMed]

35. Luna, C.H., Klein, D., Lapan, G., Revilla-Fernandez, S., Haschek, B., Sommerfeld-Stur, I., Moestl, K. and Baumgartner, W. (2009) Characterization of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy calves in Austria shedding various enteropathogenic agents. Vet. Med., 54(1): 1-11.

36. Rigobelo, E.C., Gamez, H.J., Marin, J.M., Macedo, C., Ambrosin, J.A. and Avila, F.A. (2006) Virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic calves. Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci., 58(3): 305-310. [Crossref]

37. Alberto, M., Pilar, H., Sonia, J., de la Fuente, R., Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria, J.A., Gustavo, D.B. and Orden, J.A. (2011) Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli strains from ruminants. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 23: 91-95. [Crossref] [PubMed]

38. Carl, M.S., Cuiwei, Z., Chitrita, D.R., Jocelyn, T., Shaohua, Z., White, D.G., Wagner, D.D., McDermott, P.F., Walker, R.D. and Meng, J. (2002) Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from humans, cattle, swine, and food. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68(2): 576-581. [Crossref] [PMC]

39. Rehman, M.U., Rashid, M., Sheikh, J.A., Wani, S.A. and Farooq, S. (2014) Multi-drug resistance among shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli isolated from bovines and their handlers in Jammu region, India. Vet. World, 6(9): 655-658. [Crossref]