Open Access
Research (Published online: 30-09-2017)
22. Impact of heat stress and hypercapnia on physiological, hematological, and behavioral profile of Tharparkar and Karan Fries heifers
Priyanka Pandey, O. K. Hooda and Sunil Kumar
Veterinary World, 10(9): 1149-1155

Priyanka Pandey: Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India.
O. K. Hooda: Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India.
Sunil Kumar: Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India.

doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1149-1155

Share this article on [Facebook] [LinkedIn]

Article history: Received: 01-06-2017, Accepted: 08-09-2017, Published online: 30-09-2017

Corresponding author: Priyanka Pandey

E-mail: drpriyankapandey12@gmail.com

Citation: Pandey P, Hooda OK, Kumar S (2017) Impact of heat stress and hypercapnia on physiological, hematological, and behavioral profile of Tharparkar and Karan Fries heifers, Veterinary World, 10(9): 1149-1155.
Abstract

Aim: The present investigation was undertaken to study the impact of heat stress and hypercapnia on physiological, hematological, and behavioral profile of Tharparkar and Karan Fries (KF) heifers.

Materials and Methods: The animals of both the breeds of Tharparkar and KF were exposed at different temperatures and CO2 levels. Exposure conditions of 25°C, 400 ppm CO2 level, and 60% relative humidity (RH) were taken as a control condition. The exposure conditions 40°C with two levels of CO2 500 ppm and 600 ppm with RH 55±5% and exposure conditions 42°C with two levels of CO2 500 ppm and 600 ppm with RH 55±5% were taken as treatments. The exposure period in each condition was 4 h daily for 5 consecutive days.

Results: Physiological responses (respiration rate [RR], pulse rate [PR], and rectal temperature [RT]) were significantly (p<0.01) higher and different during all exposure conditions compared to control condition in both the breeds of cattle. KF heifers had higher RR, PR, and RT than Tharparkar heifers. Hematological parameters, namely, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume were significantly higher and different during all exposure condition than control in both the breeds, whereas no significant changes were observed in total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count. Blood pH increased with increase in temperature and CO2 levels and was significantly higher than control conditions. PCO2 and base excess were significantly (p<0.05) lower, and PO2 was higher during different exposure conditions than control in both breeds. Restlessness and excitement signs were observed in all the exposure conditions as compared to control condition in both the breeds.

Conclusion: Changes in physiological responses, behavioral pattern, and hematological parameters reflect the current functional status of the body system, and it can be used as an index for assessing the adaptation capacity of cattle to predict changes occurring in climate variables due to increasing CO2 levels and environmental temperature.

Keywords: behavior, hematological, hypercapnia, hyperthermia, Tharparkar.

References

1. IPCC. (2007) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4th Assessment Report. Available from: http://www.Ipcc.ch/publicationsanddata/publicationsanddatareports.Htm#2 . Last accessed on 07-04-2017.

2. Ahmed, A., Tiwari, R.P., Mishra, G.K., Jena, B., Dar, M.A. and Bhat, A.A. (2015) Effect of environmental heat stress on reproduction performance of dairy cows-a review. Int. J. Livest. Res., 5(4): 10-18. [Crossref]

3. McManus, C., Paludo, G.R., Louvandini, H., Gugel, R., Sasaki, L.C.B. and Paiva, S.R. (2009) Heat tolerance in Brazilian sheep: Physiological and blood parameters. Trop. Anim. Health. Prod., 41(1): 95-101. [Crossref] [PubMed]

4. Maibam, U., Hooda, O.K., Sharma, P.S., Singh, S.V., Mohanty, A.K. and Upadhyay, R.C. (2017) Seasonal variation in HSP70 expression and oxidative stress in skin of zebu (Tharparkar) and crossbred (Karan Fries) cattle under tropical climate. Biol. Rhythm. Res., 48: 1-15. [Crossref]

5. Bhan, C., Singh, S.V., Hooda, O.K., Upadhyay, R.C. and Beenam, B. (2013) Influence of temperature variability on physiological, haematological and biochemical profiles of growing and adult Karan Fries cattle. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 83(10): 1090-1096.

6. Sabuncuoglu, N., Coban, O., Lacin, E., Yildiz, A., Akbulut, O., Yaganoglu, A.V. and Sagsoz, Y. (2007) Effect of barn ventilation on blood gas status and some physiological traits of dairy cows. J. Environ. Biol., 29(1): 107.

7. Kadzere, C.T., Murphy, M.R., Silanikove, N. and Maltz, E. (2002) Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: A review. Livest. Prod. Sci., 77: 59-91. [Crossref]

8. Hayashi, K., Honda, Y., Miyakawa, N., Fujii, N., Ichinose, M., Koga, S. and Nishiyasu, T. (2011) Effect of CO2 on the ventilatory sensitivity to rising body temperature during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol., 110(5): 1334-1341. [Crossref] [PubMed]

9. SAS, Institute. (2011) Statistical Analysis System, Version 9.1. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.

10. Kumar, S., Singh, S.V. and Soren, S. (2017) Physiological responses and in-vitro volatile fatty acid production in cattle. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 6(2): 86-94. [Crossref]

11. Davinder, K. (2011) Effect of Oxygen Rich Air on Different Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Cattle and Buffaloes During Extreme Hot and Cold Environment (Master's Thesis). National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal Haryana.

12. Indu, B. (2014) Expression of HSP 27, 90 and 105 Genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells During Thermal Stress in Tharparkar and Karan Fries Cross Bred Cattle (Master's Thesis). National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal Haryana.

13. Das, R., Sailo, L., Verma, N., Bharti, P., Saikia, J., Imtiwati . and Kumar, R. (2016) Impact of heat stress on health and performance of dairy animals: A review. Vet. World, 9(3): 260-268. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]

14. Singh, S.V. and Upadhyay, R.C. (2009) Impact of temperature rise on physiological function, thermal balance and milk production of lactating Karan fries and Sahiwal cows. Indian Vet. J., 86: 141-144.

15. Hooda, O.K. and Upadhyay, R.C. (2015) Growth rate, hormonal and physiological responses of kids subjected to thermal and exercise stress. J. Environ. Res. Develop., 9(4): 1095-1101.

16. Mohr, E., Langbein, J. and Nurnberg, G. (2002) Heart rate variability: A non-invasive approach to measure stress in calves and cows. Physiol. Behav., 75: 251-259. [Crossref]

17. Sagsoz, Y., Tuzemen, N., Yanar, M., Akbulut, O.M.E. and Aydin, R.E.C. (2003) Effect of different housing conditions on the milk production and some physiological characteristics of Holstein Friesian cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 73: 104-106.

18. Gaughan, J.B., Mader, T.L., Holt, S.M., Josey, M.J. and Rowan, K.J. (1999) Heat tolerance of Boran and Tuli crossbred steers. J. Anim. Sci., 77: 2398-2405. [Crossref] [PubMed]

19. Aggarwal, A. and Upadhyay, R.C. (1997) Pulmonary and skin evaporative heat loss during exercise in hot dry conditiond in crossbreds. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 67: 51-53.

20. Silanikove, N. (2000) Effects of heat stress on the welfare of extensively managed domestic ruminants. Livest. Prod. Sci., 67: 1-18. [Crossref]

21. Moran, J.B. (1999) Heat tolerance of Brahman cross, buffalo, banteny and shorthorn steers during exposure to sun and as a result of exercise. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 24: 775-782. [Crossref]

22. Chandra, B., Singh, S.V., Hooda, O.K., Upadhyay, R.C., Beenam, B. and Vaidya, M. (2012) Influence of temperature variability on physiological, hematological and biochemical profile of growing and adult Sahiwal cattle. J. Environ. Res. Dev., 7(2A): 986-994.

23. Randhawa, S.S., Chhabra, S., Randhawa, C.S., Zahid, U. and Dhaliwal, P.S. (2014) A note on treatment of hyperthermia in crossbred cattle. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 4: 272-274. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]

24. Hansen, P.J. (2004) Physiological and cellular adaptation of Zebu cattle to thermal stress. Ani. Rep. Sci., 82-83: 349-360. [Crossref] [PubMed]

25. Lateef, A., Das, H., Panchasara, H.H., Nilufar, H. and Sanap, M.J. (2014) Seasonal effects on milk yield, erythrocytic and leukocytic indices of Kankrej cattle (Bos indicus). Vet. World, 7: 472-477. [Crossref]

26. Abdelatif, A.M., Ibrahim, M.Y. and Hassan, Y.Y. (2009) Seasonal variation in erythrocytic and leukocytic indices and serum proteins of female Nubian goats middle-East. J. Sci. Res., 4(3): 168.

27. Shandya, S., Singh, V.K., Upadhyay, R.C., Puri, G., Odedara, A.B. and Patel, P.A. (2015) Evaluation of physiological and biochemical responses in different seasons in Surti buffaloes. Vet. World, 8(6): 727-731. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]

28. Omran, F.I., Ashour, G.H., Hassan, L.R., Shafie, M.M. and Youssef, M.M. (2011) Physiological responses and growth performance of buffalo and Friesian calves under chronic severe heat stress. In: Proceedings of the 4th Scientific Conference of Animal Wealth Research in the Middle East and North Africa, Foreign Agricultural Relations (FAR). Massive Conferences and Trade Fairs, Egypt. p1-13.

29. Broucek, J., Kisac, P. and Uhrincat, M. (2009) Effect of hot temperature on the hematological parameters, health and performance of calves. Int. J. Biometeorol., 53: 201-208. [Crossref] [PubMed]

30. Haque, N., Ludri, A., Hossain, S.A. and Ashutosh, M. (2013) Impact on hematological parameters in young and adult Murrah buffaloes exposed to acute heat stress. Art. Buffalo Bull., 32(2): 321-326.

31. Mirzadeh, K.H., Tabatabaei, S., Bojarpour, M. and Mamoei, M. (2010) Comparative study of hematological parameters according strain, age, sex, physiological status and season in Iranian cattle. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 16: 2123-2127. [Crossref]

32. Schneider, P.L., Beede, D.K. and Wilcox, C.J. (1988) Nycterohemeral patterns of acid-base status, mineral concentrations and digestive function of lactating cows in natural or chamber heat stress environments. J. Anim. Sci., 66: 112-125. [Crossref]

33. Sivakumar, A.V.N., Singh, G. and Varshney, V.P. (2010) Antioxidant supplementation on acid base balance during heat stress in goats. Asian Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 23: 1462-1468. [Crossref]

34. Helal, A., Hashem, A.L.S., Abdel-Fattah, M.S. and El-Shaer, H.M. (2010) Effect of heat stress on coat characteristics and physiological responses of Balady and Damascus goats in Sinai, Egypt. Am. Euresian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 7(1): 60-69.

35. Hales, J.R.S. and Findlay, J.D. (1968) The oxygen cost of thermally induced and CO induced hyperventilation in the ox. Respir. Physiol., 4: 353-356. [Crossref]

36. Wojtas, K., Cwynar, P., Kolacz, R. and Kupczynski, R. (2013) Effect of heat stress on acid-base balance in Polish Merino Sheep. Arch. Tierzucht, 56: 917-923.

37. Srikandakumar, A., Johnson, E.H. and Mahgoub, O. (2003) Effect of heat stress on respiratory rate, rectal temperature and blood chemistry in Omani and Australian Merino Sheep. Small Rum. Res., 49: 193-198. [Crossref]

38. Hussein, H.A. and Aamer, A.A. (2013) Influence of different storage times and temperature on blood gas and acid-base balance in ovine venous blood. Open Vet. J., 3: 1-7. [PubMed] [PMC]

39. Korde, J.P., Singh, G., Varshney, V.P. and Shukla, D.C. (2007) Effects of long-term heat exposure on adaptive mechanism of blood acid-base in buffalo-calves. Asian Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 13: 329-332. [Crossref]

40. West, J.W., Mullinix, B.G. and Sandifer, T.G. (1991) Changing dietary electrolytes balance for dairy cows in cool and hot environments. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 1662-1674. [Crossref]

41. Nardone, A., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N., Ranieri, M.S. and Bernabucci, U. (2010) Effects of climate changes on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livest. Sci., 130(1): 57-69. [Crossref]

42. Overton, M.W., Sischo, W.M., Temple, G.D. and Moore, D.A. (2002) Using time-lapse video photography to assess dairy cattle lying behavior in a free-stall barn. J. Dairy Sci., 85(9): 2407-2413. [Crossref]

43. Ittner, N.R., Kelly, C.F. and Guilbert, H.R. (1951) Water consumption of Hereford and Brahman cattle and the effect of cooled drinking water in a hot climate. J. Anim. Sci., 10(3): 742-751. [Crossref]