Open Access
Research (Published online: 17-04-2019)
9. Effect of exogenous progesterone treatment on ovarian steroid hormones and oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers during peak and low breeding seasons in dromedary she-camel
Amal M. Abo El-Maaty, Ragab H. Mohamed, Heba F. Hozyen, Adel M. El-Kattan, Mona A. Mahmoud and Amal H. Ali
Veterinary World, 12(4): 542-550

Amal M. Abo El-Maaty: Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Ragab H. Mohamed: Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt.
Heba F. Hozyen: Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Adel M. El-Kattan: Department of Animal Health, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
Mona A. Mahmoud: Department of Animal Health, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
Amal H. Ali: Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.542-550

Share this article on [Facebook] [LinkedIn]

Article history: Received: 11-11-2018, Accepted: 26-02-2019, Published online: 17-04-2019

Corresponding author: Heba F. Hozyen

E-mail: drheba23@yahoo.com

Citation: El-Maaty AMA, Mohamed RH, Hozyen HF, El-Kattan AM, Mahmoud MA, Ali AH (2019) Effect of exogenous progesterone treatment on ovarian steroid hormones and oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers during peak and low breeding seasons in dromedary she-camel, Veterinary World, 12(4): 542-550.
Abstract

Background: Research about the effects of progesterone (P4) and the relationship of P4 to oxidative stress has been achieved in ruminants but not enough in camels

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of exogenous P4 hormone using CIDR for 7 days on blood concentrations of steroid hormones and oxidative status of dromedary she-camels during peak and low breeding seasons.

Materials and Methods: The present work was conducted on ten dark dromedary she-camels which were synchronized using a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) for 7 days as a reproductive management tool during peak breeding (November-April) and low breeding season (May-October). The blood samples were collected each other day from CIDR insertion until the end of experiment 5 days after the removal of CIDR. Camels were examined for P4, estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) as indicator of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase as antioxidant markers.

Results: Results revealed that P4 was higher during peak breeding season than low breeding season. While the levels of P4 increased during CIDR insertion and declined at CIDR removal and thereafter during breeding season, its concentrations declined after CIDR application during the non-breeding season. On the other hand, blood E2 and testosterone levels decreased after CIDR insertion in both high and low breeding seasons with higher serum E2 concentrations during the peak than the low breeding season. MDA concentrations and SOD activities were significantly (p<0.05) high on day 3 after CIDR insertion during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. During both the seasons, GSH levels decreased after CIDR removal in camels. However, MDA was lower during non-breeding season than high breeding season with no seasonal effect on SOD activity.

Conclusion: Exogenous P4 treatment through CIDR in dromedary camels could be more efficient during breeding season than non-breeding season, and effects on circulating oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers and their return to normal levels might refer to the adaptation of camels to CIDR by modulating their oxidant and antioxidant levels.

Keywords: breeding season, camel, controlled internal drug release, ovarian hormones, oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers.

References

1. Mounir, K. and Borni, J. (2012) Reproductive Performance Improvement of Maghreby Nagga by Zootechic Practices. 3rd ISOCARD International Conference, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. p129-130.

2. Tibary, A. (2018) Monitoring and controlling follicular activity in camelids. Theriogenology, 109(3): 22-30. [Crossref] [PubMed]

3. Wilson, R.T. (1984) The Camel. Longman, London, New York. p83-102.

4. Marai, I.F., Zeidan, A.E., Abdel-Samee, A.M., Abizaid, A. and Fadiel, A. (2009) Camels' reproductive and physiological performance traits as affected by environmental conditions. Trop. Subtrop. Agroecosyst., 10(2): 129-149.

5. Shalash, M.R. (1965) Some reproductive aspects in the female camel. World Rev. Anim. Prod., 1(4): 103-108.

6. Abdel-Raouf, M. and El-Naggar, M.A. (1964) Studies on reproduction on camel Camelus dromedarius: 1 Mating technique and collection of semen. J. Vet. Sci. U. A. R., 1(2): 113-119.

7. Monaco, D., Lacalandra, G.M. and El-Bahrawy, K.A. (2013) Ovarian monitoring and effects of controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR) on vaginal environment and follicular activity in dromedary camels, during non-breeding season in Egypt. Emir. J. Food Agric., 25(4): 296-300. [Crossref]

8. Anouassi, A. and Tibary, A. (2013) Development of a large commercial camel embryo transfer program: 20 years of scientific research. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 136(3): 211-221. [Crossref] [PubMed]

9. Vaughan, J., Mihm, M. and Wittek, T. (2013) Factors influencing embryo transfer success in alpacas a retrospective study. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 136(3): 194-204. [Crossref] [PubMed]

10. Cooper, M.J., Skidmore, J.A., Allen, W.R., Wensvoort, S., Billah, M., Chaudhry, M.A. and Billah, A. M. (1992) Attempts to Stimulate and Synchronise Ovulation and Superovulation in Dromedary Camels for Embryo Transfer. In: Proceedings 1st International Camel Conference Dubai, UAE. p187-191.

11. Al-Sobayil K. (2008) The use of estrus synchronization and timed artificial insemination in dromedary she-camels in Saudi Arabia. J. Agric. Vet. Sci. Qassim Univ., 1(1): 3-9.

12. Ismail, A.A., Siam, A.A., El-Nahla, A. and Abuzead, S.M. (1998) Synchronization of Estrus in the She-Camel, Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting for Animal Production Under Arid Conditions. Vol. 1. United Arab Emirates University. p96-107.

13. Agarwal, S.P., Rai, A.K. and Khanna, N.D. (1997) Induction of sexual activity in female camels during the non-breeding season. Theriogenology, 47(2): 591-600. [Crossref]

14. El-Shahat, K.H., Abo-El Maaty, A.M. and Moawad, A.R. (2013) Follicular fluid composition in relation to follicular size in pregnant and non-pregnant dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries). Anim. Reprod., 10(1): 16-23.

15. Agarwal, A., Gupta, S. and Sharma, R.K. (2005) Role of oxidative stress in female reproduction. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 3: 28.

16. Lykkesfeldt, J. (2007) Malonaldehyde as biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking. Clin. Chim. Acta, 380(1-2): 50-58. [Crossref] [PubMed]

17. Killic, E., Yazar, S., Saraymen, R. and Hozbilge, H. (2003) Serum malondialdehyde level in patients infected with Ascaris lumbricodes. World J. Gastroentrol., 9(10): 2332-2334. [Crossref] [PMC]

18. Agarwal, A. and Allamaneni, S. R. (2004) Oxidants and antioxidants in human fertility. Middle East Fertil. Soc. J., 9(3): 187-197.

19. Chakraborty, P., Kumar, S., Dutta, D. and Gupta, V. (2009) Role of antioxidants in common health diseases. Res. J. Pharm. and Tech., 2(2): 238-244.

20. Nissar, S., Sameer, A.S., Rasool, R., Chowdri, N.A. and Rashid, F. (2017) Glutathione S transferases: Biochemistry, polymorphism and role in colorectal carcinogenesis. J. Carcinog. Mutagen., 8(2): 287. [Crossref]

21. Razzaque, W.A., Ali, R., Hussain, A., Rao, M.M., Naafia, S., Sharma, U. and Hussain, K. (2014) Follicular fluid nitric oxide concentration in relation to stages of estrus cycle in ewes. Indian Vet. J., 91(4): 35-38.

22. Zamberlam, G.O. (2013) The Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Bovine Follicular Development and Ovulation. Ph.D. Thesis, Universite de Montreal.

23. Revelli, A., Piane, L.D., Casano, S., Molinari, E., Massobrio, M. and Rinaudo, P. (2009) Follicular fluid content and oocyte quality: From single biochemical markers to metabolomic. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 7: 40. [Crossref]

24. Al Eknah, M.M. (2000) Reproduction in Old World camels. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 60-61:583-592. [Crossref]

25. Skidmore, J.A., Adams, G.P. and Billah, M. (2009) Synchronisation of ovarian follicular waves in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Anim. Reprod. Sci., 114(1-3): 249-255. [Crossref] [PubMed]

26. Hussein, F.M., Metwelly, K.K., Mahmoud, M.A. and Mohamed, R.H. (2015) Effect of CIDR application duration (7-10-14 d) on circulating estrogen and progesterone during breeding and non-breeding season in she-camels. Alex. J. Vet. Sci., 44(1): 125-129. [Crossref]

27. Katt, J.A., Duncan, J.A., Herbon, L., Barkan, A. and Marshall J.C. (1985) The frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation determines the number of pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors. Endocrinology, 116(5): 2113-2115. [Crossref] [PubMed]

28. Wramsby, H., Sundstorm, P. and Leidholm, P. (1987) Pregnancy rate in relation to number of cleaved eggs replaced after in vitro-fertilisation of stimulating cycles monitored by serum levels of oestradiol and progesterone as sole index. Hum. Reprod., 2(4): 325-328. [Crossref]

29. Tietz, N.W. (1986) Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.

30. Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, W. and Yagi, K. (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem., 95(2): 351-358. [Crossref]

31. Montgomery, H.A.C. and Dymock, J.F. (1961) The determination of nitrite in water. Analyst, 86: 414-416.

32. Nishikimi, M., Rao, A. and Yagi, K. (1972) The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulphate and molecular oxygen. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 46(2): 849-854. [Crossref]

33. Habig, W.H. and Pabst, M.J. (1974) Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem., 249(22): 7130-7139.

34. Chaves, M.G., Aba, M.A., Guero, A., Egey, J., Berestin, V. and Rutter, B. (2002) Ovarian follicular wave pattern and the effect of exogenous progesterone on follicular activity in non-mate d llamas. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 69(1-6): 37-46. [Crossref]

35. Abd-El Hamid, I.S.I. (2015) Using Different Regimens of Progesterone Hormone on Synchronization of Ovarian Activity in One-Humped She-Camels, Ph. D. Thesis. Graduate School Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.

36. Khalifa, M.A. (2011) Manipulation of Postpartum Fertility in one-Humped She-Camels During the Non-Breeding Season Under Semi-Aria Condition, Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.

37. Vaughan, J.L. (2011) Ovarian function in South American camelids (alpacas, llamas, vicunas, guanacos). Anim. Reprod. Sci., 124(3): 237-243. [Crossref] [PubMed]

38. Swelum, A.A. and Alowaimer, A.N. (2015) The efficacy of controlled internal drug release (CIDR) in synchronizing the follicular wave in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) during the breeding season. Theriogenology, 84(9): 1542-1548. [Crossref] [PubMed]

39. Sumar, J.B. (1999) Reproduction in South American domestic camelids. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl., 54: 169-178.

40. Nour El-Din, M.M. (2013) Proposed Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation in Egypt. Joint Programme for Climate Change Risk Management in Egypt.

41. Babiker, E.A., Ahmed, A.I., Husna, M.E. and Abdel-Aziz, B.E. (2011) Serum testosterone and progesterone levels and ovarian activity as indicators for seasonal breeding in dromedary camels in Sudan. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci., 1(5): 309-312.

42. Ali, S., Ahmad, N., Akhtar, N., Rahman, Z.U. and Noakes, D.E., (2008) Metabolite contents of blood serum and fluid from small and large-sized follicles in dromedary camels during the peak and the low breeding seasons. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 108(3-4): 446-456. [Crossref] [PubMed]

43. Khalil, M.G.R. (1989) Hormonal Control of Oestrous Cycle of the Camel (Camelus dromedarius). MVSc Thesis University of Khartoum, Sudan.

44. Ghoneim, I.M., Waheed, M.M., Adam, M.I. and Al-Eknah, M.M. (2015) Relationship between the size of the dominant follicle, vaginal electrical resistance, serum concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone and sexual receptivity during the follicular phase of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Anim. Reprod. Sci., 154: 63-67. [Crossref]

45. Homeida, A.M., Khalil, M.G.R. and Taha, A.A.M. (1988) Plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestrogens, testosterone and LH-like activity during the oestrus cycle of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). J. Reprod. Fertil., 83(2): 593-598. [Crossref]

46. Skidmore, J.A. (2011) Reproductive physiology in female old world camelids. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 124(3-4): 148-154. [Crossref] [PubMed]

47. Hozyen, H.F., Mohamed, R.H. and Abo-El Maaty, A.M. (2017) Effect of using controlled internal drug release (CIDR) for enhancing reproductive performance on serum cortisol, ascorbic acid, progesterone and estradiol in dromedary she-camel. Bull. N. R. C., 41(2): 111-120.

48. Manjunatha, B.M., Pratap, N., Al-Bulushi, S. and Hago, B.E. (2012) Characterization of ovarian follicular dynamics in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Theriogenology, 78(5): 965-973. [Crossref] [PubMed]

49. Chamany, M. and Khazali, H. (1998) Determination of Estrogen and Progesterone in Breeding and Non-Breeding Season of the Pre and Pubertal Dromedarius Camels, Presented at 3rd Annual Meeting for Animal Production under Arid Conditions (Camel Production and Perspectives), UAE, Al-Ain. p19.

50. Al-Otaiba, A., John, A., Al-Belooshi, T. and Raza, H. (2010) Redox homeostasis and respiratory metabolism in camels (Camelus dromedaries): Comparisons with domestic goats and laboratory rats and mice. J. Comp. Physiol. B, 180(8): 1121-1132. [Crossref] [PubMed]

51. Ayres, S., Abplanalp, W., Liu, J.H. and Subbiah, M.T.R. (1998) Mechanisms involved in the protective effect of estradiol-17b on lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 274(37): 1002-1008. [Crossref] [PubMed]

52. Oral, H., Ogun, M., Kuru, M. and Kaya, S. (2015) Evaluation of certain oxidative stress parameters in heifers that were administered short term PRID. KafKas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 21(4): 569-573.

53. Aksu, E.H., Bozkurt, B. and Turk, G. (2010) Effect of Vitamin E on Reproductive Performance in Cows Synchronized with Different Synchronization Methods. Vol. 24. Conference: 7th National Congress (with International Participation) on Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination. p71-76.

54. Kuru, M., Ogun, M., Oral, H., Kukurt, A., Makav, M. and Kulaksiz, R. (2016) The use of controlled internal drug release for synchronization augmented oxidative and nitrosative stress and leptin levels in Georgian goats. J. Cell. Neurosci.Oxid. Stress, 8(1): 541-542.

55. Kuru, M., Ogun, M., Oral, H., Kukurt, A., Erkilic, E.E. and Kulaksiz, R. (2016) Synchronization with Controlled Internal Drug Release CIDR on Exacerbate Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Leptin Levels in Abasian Goats. In: 12th International Conference on Goats, International Goat Association, Antalya, Turkey. p191.

56. Gragasin, F.S., Xu, Y., Arenas, I.A., Kainth, N. and Davidge, S.T. (2003) Estrogen reduces angiotensin II-induced nitric oxide synthase and NAD (P) H oxidase expression in endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 23(1): 38-44. [Crossref]