Identification and classification of honey's authenticity by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric method

Vet World Vol.12 August-2019 Article-19

Research Article

Veterinary World, 12(8): 1304-1310

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1304-1310

Muhamad Sahlan^1,2, Seffiani Karwita¹, Misri Gozan^1,2, Heri Hermansyah¹, Masafumi Yohda³, Young Je Yoo⁴, and Diah Kartika Pratami⁵

1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia.
2. Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia.
3. Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
4. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
5. Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: The authentication of honey is important to protect industry and consumers from such adulterated honey. However, until now, there has been no guarantee of honey's authenticity, especially in Indonesia. The classification of honey is based on the bee species (spp.) that produces it. The study used honey from sting bee Apis spp. and stingless bee Tetragonula spp. based on the fact that the content off honey produced between them has differences. Authenticating honey with currently available rapid detection methods, such as 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, is costly. This study aimed to develop an inexpensive, fast, precise, and accurate classification method for authenticating honey.

Materials and Methods: In this study, we use attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with wavelengths ranging between 550 and 4000 cm-1 as an alternative analysis method, which is relatively less expensive. The spectra of authentic and fake honey samples were obtained using ATR-FTIR and plotted using chemometric discriminant analysis. The authentic honey samples were acquired from a local Indonesian breeder of honey bees, while the fake honey samples were made from a mixture of water, sugar, sodium bicarbonate, and authentic honey. Data were collected using Thermo Scientific's OMNIC FTIR software and processed using Thermo Scientific's TQ Analyst software.

Results: Our method effectively classified the honey as authentic or fraudulent based on the FTIR spectra. To authenticate the honey, we formed two classes: Real honey and fake honey. The wavelengths that can best differentiate between these two classes correspond to four regions: 1600-1700 cm-1; 1175-1540 cm-1; 940-1175 cm-1; and 700-940 cm-1. Similarly, for classification purpose, we formed two classes: Apis spp. and Tetragonula spp. The wavelength region that can best classify the samples as belonging to the Apis spp. or Tetragonula spp. class is explicitly within the range of 1600-1700 cm-1.

Conclusion: This study successfully demonstrated a method to rapidly and accurately classify and authenticate honey. ATR-FTIR is a useful tool to test the authenticity of honey. Keywords: Apis spp., attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared, discriminant, spectrum, Tetragonula spp.

Keywords: Apis spp., attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared, discriminant, spectrum, Tetragonula spp.

How to cite this article: Sahlan M, Karwita S, Gozan M, Hermansyah H, Yohda M, Yoo YJ, Pratami DK (2019) Identification and classification of honey's authenticity by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric method, Veterinary World, 12(8): 1304-1310.

Received: 09-01-2019 Accepted: 02-07-2019 Published online: 23-08-2019

Corresponding author: Muhamad Sahlan E-mail: sahlan@che.ui.ac.id

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1304-1310

Copyright: Sahlan, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.