Open Access
Research (Published online: 25-12-2019)
23. Combined virgin coconut oil and tocotrienol-rich fraction protects against bone loss in osteoporotic rat model
Mohd Maaruf Abdul Malik, Faizah Othman, Farida Hussan, Ahmad Nazrun Shuid and Qodriyah Mohd Saad
Veterinary World, 12(12): 2052-2060

Mohd Maaruf Abdul Malik: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
Faizah Othman: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Farida Hussan: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Anatomy, Human Biology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ahmad Nazrun Shuid: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Qodriyah Mohd Saad: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.2052-2060

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Article history: Received: 07-08-2019, Accepted: 29-10-2019, Published online: 25-12-2019

Corresponding author: Mohd Maaruf Abdul Malik

E-mail: maaruf@uitm.edu.my

Citation: Malik MMA, Othman F, Hussan F, Shuid AN, Saad QM (2019) Combined virgin coconut oil and tocotrienol-rich fraction protects against bone loss in osteoporotic rat model, Veterinary World, 12(12): 2052-2060.
Abstract

Background and Aim: Both virgin coconut oil (VCO) and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) are rich in antioxidants and may protect the bone against bone loss induced by ovariectomy and high-fat diet. The study aimed to determine the protective effects of combined therapy of VCO and TRF on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rat fed with high-fat diet.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: Sham-operated (SHAM), OVX control, OVX and given Premarin at 64.5 μg/kg (OVX+E2), OVX and given VCO at 4.29 ml/kg (OVX+V), OVX and given TRF at 30 mg/kg (OVX+T), and OVX and given a combination of VCO at 4.29 ml/kg and TRF at 30 mg/kg (OVX+VT). Following 24 weeks of treatments, blood and femora samples were taken for analyses.

Results: There were no significant differences in serum osteocalcin levels between the groups (p>0.05), while serum C-terminal telopeptide of Type I collagen levels of the OVX+VT group were significantly lower than the other groups (p<0.05). The dynamic bone histomorphometry analysis of the femur showed that the double-labeled surface/bone surface (dLS/BS), mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate/BS of the OVX+E2, OVX+T, and OVX+VT groups were significantly higher than the rest of the groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion: A combination of VCO and TRF has the potential as a therapeutic agent to restore bone loss induced by ovariectomy and high-fat diet.

Keywords: bone loss, osteoporosis, ovariectomized rat, ovariectomy, tocotrienol-rich fraction, virgin coconut oil.