Combined virgin coconut oil and tocotrienol-rich fraction protects against bone loss in osteoporotic rat model

Vet World Vol.12 December-2019 Article-23

Research Article

Veterinary World, 12(12): 2052-2060

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.2052-2060

Mohd Maaruf Abdul Malik^1,2, Faizah Othman¹, Farida Hussan^1,3, Ahmad Nazrun Shuid⁴, and Qodriyah Mohd Saad⁴

1. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2. Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
3. Department of Anatomy, Human Biology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
4. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Aim: Both virgin coconut oil (VCO) and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) are rich in antioxidants and may protect the bone against bone loss induced by ovariectomy and high-fat diet. The study aimed to determine the protective effects of combined therapy of VCO and TRF on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rat fed with high-fat diet.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: Sham-operated (SHAM), OVX control, OVX and given Premarin at 64.5 μg/kg (OVX+E2), OVX and given VCO at 4.29 ml/kg (OVX+V), OVX and given TRF at 30 mg/kg (OVX+T), and OVX and given a combination of VCO at 4.29 ml/kg and TRF at 30 mg/kg (OVX+VT). Following 24 weeks of treatments, blood and femora samples were taken for analyses.

Results: There were no significant differences in serum osteocalcin levels between the groups (p>0.05), while serum C-terminal telopeptide of Type I collagen levels of the OVX+VT group were significantly lower than the other groups (p<0.05). The dynamic bone histomorphometry analysis of the femur showed that the double-labeled surface/bone surface (dLS/BS), mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate/BS of the OVX+E2, OVX+T, and OVX+VT groups were significantly higher than the rest of the groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion: A combination of VCO and TRF has the potential as a therapeutic agent to restore bone loss induced by ovariectomy and high-fat diet. Keywords: bone loss, osteoporosis, ovariectomized rat, ovariectomy, tocotrienol-rich fraction, virgin coconut oil.

Keywords: bone loss, osteoporosis, ovariectomized rat, ovariectomy, tocotrienol-rich fraction, virgin coconut oil.

How to cite this article: Malik MMA, Othman F, Hussan F, Shuid AN, Saad QM (2019) Combined virgin coconut oil and tocotrienol-rich fraction protects against bone loss in osteoporotic rat model, Veterinary World, 12(12): 2052-2060.

Received: 07-08-2019 Accepted: 29-10-2019 Published online: 25-12-2019

Corresponding author: Mohd Maaruf Abdul Malik E-mail: maaruf@uitm.edu.my

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.2052-2060

Copyright: Malik MMA, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.