Foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Egypt during 2013-2014: Molecular characterization of serotypes A, O, and SAT2

Vet World Vol.12 February-2019 Article-1

Research Article

Veterinary World, 12(2): 190-197

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.190-197

Emad Diab¹, Abdel-Hamid I. Bazid², Mohamed Fawzy³, Wagdy R. El-Ashmawy¹, Adel A. Fayed¹, and Magdy M. El-Sayed¹

1. Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12211, Egypt.
2. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32958, Egypt.
3. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.

Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes A, O and South African Territories (SAT2) are endemic in Egypt; each is presented by a number of partially related topotypes and lineages, depending on their geographical origin. Continuous mutations and the emergence of new topotypes that lead to occasional vaccination failures were frequently recorded, so this study aimed to genetically characterize the circulating FMD virus strains in Egypt during 2013 and 2014 outbreaks, focusing on amino acids variations in VP1 region.

Materials and Methods: A total of 51 oral tissue samples were collected from cattle and buffaloes in 13 farms, and 38 individual cases showed clinical signs suspected to be FMD in six Egyptian Governorates (Cairo, Giza, Qaliubia, Fayoum, Sharquia, and Assiut). FMDV in collected samples was characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of full VP1 region, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis.

Results: Out of 51 samples, 44 (86.27%) were positive by RT-PCR using universal primers. Serotype O was predominant and detected in 31 samples (70.45%), serotype A was detected in 9 samples (20.45%), and then serotype SAT2 was identified in 4 samples (9.10%). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 demonstrated clustering of serotype O, A, and SAT2 in EA-3 topotype, ASIA topotype, and topotype VII, respectively. Serotype O is closely related to O/SUD/8/2008 with 94.6% identity but showed 14.6% differences from vaccine strain (O/PanAsia-2) of ME-SA topotype. Furthermore, Serotype A and SAT2 were closely related to recent circulating Egyptian isolates and vaccine strains type A/EGY/1/2012 (Asia topotype, lineage Iran-05) with identity 96.4% and vaccine strain of SAT2/EGY/A/2012 (topotype VII, lineage SAT2/VII/ALX-12) with identity 95.3%, respectively.

Conclusion: The present study recommended further studies of serotype O to determine the immunogenic relationship between the vaccine strain and the new strains to attain maximum protection against circulating viruses. Keywords: amino acids variations, Egypt, foot-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV, VP1 sequencing.

Keywords: amino acids variations, Egypt, foot-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV, VP1 sequencing.

How to cite this article: Diab E, Bazid AI, Fawzy M, El-Ashmawy WR, Fayed AA, El-Sayed MM (2019) Foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Egypt during 2013-2014: Molecular characterization of serotypes A, O, and SAT2, Veterinary World, 12(2): 190-197.

Received: 26-09-2018 Accepted: 17-12-2018 Published online: 05-02-2019

Corresponding author: Mohamed Fawzy E-mail: mohamed_mohamed4@vet.suez.edu.eg

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.190-197

Copyright: Diab, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.