Vet World Vol.12 January-2019 Article-27
Research Article
Veterinary World, 12(1): 183-189
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.183-189
First report and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in humans and animals in Khartoum state, Sudan
2. (Deceased on 24 January 2015) Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
3. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
4. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
Background and Aim: Cryptosporidium is recognized to infect several mammalian species as well as humans, causing substantial economic losses and serious public health concern. Infected animals can be a source of environmental contamination and human infections. In general, the occurrence of Cryptosporidium species in animals and human in Sudan and zoonotic importance is not well documented. This study aimed to identify Cryptosporidium spp. infecting different animal species and humans and to compare between different isolates obtained.
Materials and Methods: To provide molecular information about Cryptosporidium in animals and humans, both modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) specific stain and molecular assay were used. Concentration techniques followed by three protocols of DNA extraction were carried out. After microscopic screening of 263 fecal samples (goats [n=197], cattle [n=12], sheep [n=12], and human [n=42]), 61 positive and 30 negative, randomly selected samples were used in nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting part of the 18S RNA.
Results: Nested PCR amplification confirmed 91.8% (56/61) of microscopic-positive samples. 8.2% (5/61) of negative samples by PCR (positive by microscopy) were considered false negatives. Sequencing followed by alignment of the 14 isolates indicated that all samples were identical (100%) and belonged to Cryptosporidium parvum.
Conclusion: MZN staining procedure is reliable for the routine diagnosis of Cryptosporidium; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide extraction buffer and nested PCR targeting 18S rRNA gene are reliable and useful in epidemiological studies of this parasite. Keywords: Cryptosporidium parvum, nested polymerase chain reaction, staining techniques, Sudan, zoonotic.
Keywords: Cryptosporidium parvum, nested polymerase chain reaction, staining techniques, Sudan, zoonotic.
How to cite this article: Adam KY, Ismail AA, Masri MA, Gameel AA (2019) First report and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in humans and animals in Khartoum state, Sudan, Veterinary World, 12(1): 183-189.
Received: 13-06-2018 Accepted: 20-11-2018 Published online: 31-01-2019
Corresponding author: Kaltoum Yagoub Adam E-mail: eleilaf@gmail.com
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.183-189
Copyright: Adam, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.