Open Access
Research (Published online: 06-05-2021)
5. Effects of different concentration of organic and inorganic trace minerals (zinc, selenium, and chromium) supplementation on expression of chTLR4 gene and humoral immune response in broilers
Anand Kumar Jain, Aditya Mishra, Ajit Pratap Singh, Pragati Patel, Amir Amin Sheikh, Tilak Ram Chandraker and Rajesh Vandre
Veterinary World, 14(5): 1093-1101

Anand Kumar Jain: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Aditya Mishra: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Ajit Pratap Singh: Animal Biotechnology Centre, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Pragati Patel: Department of Animal Husbandry, Central Semen Station, District Narshinghpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Amir Amin Sheikh: Division of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Tilak Ram Chandraker: Department of Biological Science, Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Rajesh Vandre: Department of Animal Genetics Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1093-1101

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Article history: Received: 23-10-2020, Accepted: 02-03-2021, Published online: 06-05-2021

Corresponding author: Anand Kumar Jain

E-mail: dranandjainsagar@gmail.com

Citation: Jain AK, Mishra A, Singh AP, Patel P, Sheikh AA, Chandraker TR, Vandre R (2021) Effects of different concentration of organic and inorganic trace minerals (zinc, selenium, and chromium) supplementation on expression of chTLR4 gene and humoral immune response in broilers, Veterinary World, 14(5): 1093-1101.
Abstract

Background and Aim: Poultry production is the fastest-growing livestock sector in developing countries. In the poultry diet, trace minerals (zinc [Zn], selenium [Se], and chromium [Cr]) are normally administered in the inorganic form which has been traditionally considered as the most cost-effective and easily available but organic forms of these trace minerals have a higher bioavailability, lower dietary inclusion and cause less environmental pollution as compared to inorganic form. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of organic and inorganic forms of trace minerals (Zn, Se, and Cr) supplementation (0-35 days) on expression of chTLR4gene and humoral immune response in broilers.

Materials and Methods: A total of 216 broilers were randomly divided into 12 groups and each group divided into three replicates consisting of six broilers each. T1 (R1, R2, and R3) group was kept as control. T2, T3, and T4 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with inorganic form of Zn at 40 mg/kg of feed, organic form of Zn at 40 mg/kg of feed, and 50% organic form of Zn at 20 mg/kg of feed, respectively. T5, T6, and T7 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with inorganic form of Se at 0.3 mg/kg of feed, organic form of Se at 0.3 mg/kg of feed, and 50% organic form of Se at 0.15 mg/kg of feed, respectively. T8, T9, and T10 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with inorganic form of Cr at 2 mg/kg of feed, organic form of Cr at 2 mg/kg of feed, and 50% organic form of Cr at 1 mg/kg of feed, respectively. T11 and T12 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with a combination of all three minerals from inorganic and organic forms, respectively.

Results: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction gene expression analysis revealed that in bursa of Fabricius, maximum upregulation of chTLR4 (3.0214 fold) was observed in T6 group, and in spleen, maximum upregulation of chTLR4 (3.2140 fold) was observed in T3 group as compared to control group. On day 35, the maximum plasma immunoglobulin G concentration was observed in organic trace minerals (OTMs) supplemented, whereas the minimum concentration was recorded in control group. On day 28 and 35, the overall mean heterophil:lymphocyte ratio showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between control and OTM supplemented groups. A significantly higher immune organ weight (spleen and bursa of Fabricius) was recorded in OTM supplemented group as compared to control and other supplemented group.

Conclusion: Supplementation of organic form of Zn, Se, and Cr either alone or in combination increase humoral immune response and upregulation of chTLR4 gene expression in bursa and spleen indicates a beneficial effect of OTM in augmentation of immune system in broilers.

Keywords: Broilers, chTLR4, heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, immunoglobulin G, spleen and bursa of Fabricius and organic trace minerals.