Impact of udder infections on biochemical composition of milk in context of pesticides exposure

Vet World Vol.15 March-2022 Article-34

Research Article

Veterinary World, 15(3): 797-808

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.797-808

Hala R. Ali¹, Samah F. Ali¹, Rania H. Abd-Algawad², Fayza A. Sdeek³, Mahmoud Arafa⁴, Essam Kamel⁴, and Momtaz A. Shahein⁵

1. Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
2. Mycoplasma Department, Animal Health Research Institute Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
3. Pesticide Residue Department, CAPL, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
4. Biochemistry and Toxicology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
5. Department of Virology Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Background and Aim: Environmental contaminants such as pesticides have shown immunomodulatory effects that can make animals highly susceptible to pathogenic invasion. The current work aims to study the incidence of udder infections in a single dairy herd of 160 cows in Qalyoubia Governorate, in relation to the potential intoxication of dairy cattle with organochlorine (OCs) pesticides. The study also aims to investigate the impact of udder infections on milk composition.

Materials and Methods: The dairy herd was screened for udder infections using the California mastitis test and measurement of somatic cell count (SCC), followed by bacteriological and molecular analysis. In parallel, the milk samples were also tested for residues of 15 OCs compounds using gas chromatographic analysis.

Results: The examined herd showed a high prevalence of mastitis (37.5%) and Mycoplasma was identified as the main bacterial pathogen. OCs residues were detected in milk of 45 cows out of 160 with a higher incidence in mastitic (43.3%) than in healthy cows (19%). Further, the biochemical analysis of milk showed a significant drop in major electrolytes combined with a significant rise in blood-borne electrolytes (Na and Cl) and total protein. This was more extreme in the case of Mycoplasam mastitis compared to non-Mycoplasma mastitis. In addition, Mycoplasma mastitic milk revealed a high level of malondialdehyde associated with reduced antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase), compared to non-Mycoplasma mastitis.

Conclusion: Mycoplasma mastitis was shown to be associated with increased SCC and, in turn, appeared significantly correlated with increased biochemical changes in milk, indicating the serious impact of Mycoplasma mastitis on the dairy industry. Our data also show a strong correlation between increased SCC and biochemical changes in milk, suggesting that tested biochemical parameters might serve as potential biomarkers for the early detection of mastitis. The study also suggested a potential relationship between poisoning with OCs and susceptibility to bacterial udder infections. However, further studies are required to examine the immune status of a dairy herd in relation to the level of OCs in cow's blood, as well as the water sources used, grass forage and soil. Keywords: antioxidant bioactivities, mastitis, Mycoplasma mastitis, organochlorine pesticide.

Keywords: antioxidant bioactivities, mastitis, Mycoplasma mastitis, organochlorine pesticide.

How to cite this article: Ali HR, Ali SF, Abd-Algawad RH, Sdeek FA, Arafa M, Kamel E, Shahein MA (2022) Impact of udder infections on biochemical composition of milk in context of pesticides exposure, Veterinary World, 15(3): 797-808.

Received: 30-10-2021 Accepted: 25-02-2022 Published online: 31-03-2022

Corresponding author: Hala R. Ali E-mail: alihala312@gmail.com

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.797-808

Copyright: Ali, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.