B-mode Real Time Ultrasonographic imaging of the Heart in Sheep

The anatomical structure of normal heart was studied in vitro through ultrasonography of 27 healthy hearts of sheep collected following slaughter. Ultrasonography was done in the water with 25o C by sectorial transducer from 2 cm distance. In the laboratory, the waves of ultrasonography were sent from right ventricle (RV). The thickness of left ventricle wall (LV) (20.69±2.628mm), right ventricle wall (RV) (8.10±2.138mm) and inter ventricular space (IVS) (18.925±1.984mm) were measured by ultrasonography. After preparing ultrasonogrphes obtained by in vitro ultrasonography were compared with natural anatomical views. Also biometrical measurements were compared with sizes were measured by ultrasonography measurement. Biometrical measurements were performed by a special ruler (caliper) right ventricle thickness (7.6±1.957mm), left ventricle thickness (19.20±1.563mm) and inter-ventricular space thickness is (17.981±1.786mm). Key worlds: Ultrasonography, heart, sheep, anatomy. Introduction defect in a calf, and pericardial effusion in a dog. Echocardiography is now an important adjunct to the Twenty years ago, ultrasonography was rarely field of veterinary cardiology (Pipers et al., 1978). used in animal practice. At that time it was only Ultrasonography can be used for recognizing available in some tertiary referral centers and the anatomical and structural disorders in the interior of equipment was well below the currently accepted the body organs in the clinic. A sonologist must be standards in terms of image resolution and processor familiar with the normal ultrasonographic appearance power (Allen,1982). Today, echocardiography is (echotexture) of an organ to differentiate it from the performed as the 'in clinic' diagnostic gold standard for abnormal views (Anderson, 1992; Braun and Gotz, most cardiac conditions. Lower equipment costs, 1994; Braun and Sicher, 2006). The heart is an increased under-graduate and post-graduate training important body organ. However, its normal opportunities, and improved image quality have made anatomical structure can not be studied without this imaging modality accessible to many small dissection and surgery. In the present study, the animal practitioners (Allen; 1982, Fortuin et al., anatomical structure of normal heart was studied in 1972). Echocardiography is the accepted term for the vitro by using ultrasonography of 27 healthy hearts of study of cardiac ultrasound. Although a relatively new sheep after slaughter. tool for the study of the heart in man it has already Materials and Methods found wide acceptance in the area of cardiac research and in the study of clinical cardiac disease. Animals For ultrasonographic study of the heart anatomy had often been used in the early experiments with in vitro, 27 healthy sheep heart were collected from cardiac ultrasound, but only recently has echocardioBatna slaughterhouse for prepare ultrsonographe from graphy been used as a research and clinical tool in the heart in laboratory. The hearts were transferred to veterinary medicine. In this report echocardiography surgery and veterinary imaging service, veterinary is used in the research of anesthetic effects on sciences institut, Batna University. Ultrasonography o ventricular function and clinically in the diagnosis of was done in the water with 25 C by sectorial congestive cardiomyopathy in a cat, ventricular septal transducer (Mylab 40 XVision Biosound Esaote), www.veterinaryworld.org Veterinary World, Vol.4 No.10 October 2011 467 Vet. World, 2011, Vol.4(10): 467-469 RESEARCH B-mode Real Time Ultrasonographic imaging of the Heart in Sheep from 2 cm distance (Fig 1). In the laboratory, the thickness and inter-ventricular space thickness were waves of ultrasonography were sent from right written in the Table-1. After the hearts were ventricle (RV). The thickness of left ventricle wall sonographied by in vitro, they were cut by a scalpel (LV), right ventricle wall (RV) and inter ventricular and were measured by a special ruler (caliper). The space (IVS) were measured by ultrasonography (Fig results of this part were written in Table 2. In figure-3 2). After preparing ultrasonogrphes obtained by in was shown the anatomical measuring of the heart. vitro ultrasonography were compared with natural Discussion anatomical views. Also biometrical measurements were compared with sizes were measured by ultraUltrasonography is relatively a new technique. sonography measurement. Biometrical measurements However, these days this technique is routinely used were performed by a special ruler(caliper). for pregnancy diagnosis in small and large animal and for the detection of lesions in various body organs (Aissi et al 2008(a), Aissi et al., 2008 (b)). Therefore, enough information is available in the literature about normal and abnormal echotexture of various body organs (Dyce et al., 1996; Braun and Sicher, 2006). Scientists have used ultrasonography for the study of superficial lymph nodes, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder, ovaries, uterus, testes, liver, gall bladder, and also mucosa of reticulum, omasum, abomasums and rumen. Furthermore, rumen, omasum and abomausm have physiological diagnostic differences with other organs. Inflammation, adhesions, cystic lesions, abscesses and other lesions can easily be diagnosed by ultrasonography (Ahmad et al., 1991; Jackson and Salter, 1997; Nautrup, 2000). Figure-1. sheep heart Ultrasonography explore by Importance of the heart and its location in the sectorial tranducer probe. chest area indicates that the ultrasonography could be a better technique for the diagnosis of heart disorders. Results A comparison of results obtained by ultrasonographic Thickness of right ventricle (RV), thickness of and biometrical measurement methods shows that the left ventricle wall (LV), and thickness of inter results of both the methods were quite comparable. It ventricular space (IVS) was observed in figure-2. indicates that in vivo ultrasonography can be used for The ultrasonography measurements of right the anatomical and biometrical study of heart. The ventricle wall thickness and left ventricle wall values for the thickness of left ventricle wall, right www.veterinaryworld.org Veterinary World, Vol.4 No.10 October 2011 468 Figure-2. Ultrasonographes from right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV), and inter ventricular Wall thickness (IVS). A : Longitudinal section B:Transverse section B-mode Real Time Ultrasonographic imaging of the Heart in Sheep mode real time ultrasonographic imaging of testis ventricle wall and inter-ventricular space can be used and epididymis of sheep and goats. Vet. Rec., 128: 491-496. as basis for detecting changes in these parts due to any 2. Anderson, N. V., (1992). Veterinary Gastroenterology. 2nd heart disease (karimi et al., 2008). Ed., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA. 3. Allen D. G (1982).Echocardiography as a Research and Clinical Tool in Veterinary Medicine. Can Vet J. 23(11): 313–316. 4. Aissi.A, Slimani.C.(2009). Ultrasound Diagnosis of Cholecystitis in a Dog. Global Veterinaria 3 (6): 514-515. 5. Aissi.A, (2008). Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Transitional cell Carcinoma of the urinary bladder, Online J Vet Res, 12 (2) 67-69. 6. Braun, U. and D. Sicher, (2006). Ulrasonography of the spleen in 50 healthy cows. Vet. J., 171(3): 513-518. 7. Braun, U. and M. Gotz, (1994). Ultrasonography of the reticulum in cows. Amer. J. Vet. Res., 55(3): 325-332. 8. Dyce, K. M., W. O. Sank and C. J. G. Wensing, (1996). Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 2nd Ed., W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA. 9. Fortuin NJ, Hood WP, Jr, Craige E. (1972). Evaluation of left Figure 3. Anatomical measurement: RV wall, LV wall and IVS in anatomical way. RV (right ventricle), IVS ventricular function by echocardiography. Circulation. (inter-ventricular space), LV (left ventricle). 46(1):26–35. 10. Nautrup, C. P., (2000). An Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Acknowledgement Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat. Manson Publishing Ltd., Hannover Germany, pp: 1-5. Author is highly thankful to Mr Boukejouta, M. 11. Karimi H. (2008). in vitro ultrasonography of the normal and Hospimed Afric For materials and Ultrasheep heart.Pak. Vet. J., 28(2): 92-94. 12. Jackson, P. and J. Salter, (1997). Cardiovascular diseases in sonography machine support. cattle. In Practice, 19(9): 475-476. 13. Pipers FS, Rings DM, Hull BL, Hoffsis GF, Reef V, Hamlin References RL.(1978). Echocardiographic diagnosis of endocarditis in a 1. Ahmad, N., D. E. Noakes and A. L. Subandrio, (1991). Bbull. J Am Vet Med Assoc. Jun 1;172(11):1313–1316. www.veterinaryworld.org Veterinary World, Vol.4 No.10 October 2011 469 Table-1 results of measuring sheep hearts ventricle walls by Ultrasonography (mm) Left ventricle wall thickness Right ventricle wall thickness Inter-ventricular space thickness 20.69±2.628 8.10±2.138 18.925±1.984 Table2 results of sheep heart ventricle walls and inter ventricular wall thickness at anatomical way


Introduction
defect in a calf, and pericardial effusion in a dog.Echocardiography is now an important adjunct to the Twenty years ago, ultrasonography was rarely field of veterinary cardiology (Pipers et al., 1978).used in animal practice.At that time it was only Ultrasonography can be used for recognizing available in some tertiary referral centers and the anatomical and structural disorders in the interior of equipment was well below the currently accepted the body organs in the clinic.A sonologist must be standards in terms of image resolution and processor familiar with the normal ultrasonographic appearance power (Allen,1982).Today, echocardiography is (echotexture) of an organ to differentiate it from the performed as the 'in clinic' diagnostic gold standard for abnormal views (Anderson, 1992; Braun and Gotz, most cardiac conditions.Lower equipment costs, 1994; Braun and Sicher, 2006).The heart is an increased under-graduate and post-graduate training important body organ.However, its normal opportunities, and improved image quality have made anatomical structure can not be studied without this imaging modality accessible to many small dissection and surgery.In the present study, the animal practitioners (Allen; 1982, Fortuin et al., anatomical structure of normal heart was studied in 1972).
Echocardiography is the accepted term for the vitro by using ultrasonography of 27 healthy hearts of study of cardiac ultrasound.Although a relatively new sheep after slaughter.tool for the study of the heart in man it has already

found wide acceptance in the area of cardiac research and in the study of clinical cardiac disease. Animals
For ultrasonographic study of the heart anatomy had often been used in the early experiments with in vitro, 27 healthy sheep heart were collected from cardiac ultrasound, but only recently has echocardio-Batna slaughterhouse for prepare ultrsonographe from graphy been used as a research and clinical tool in the heart in laboratory.The hearts were transferred to veterinary medicine.In this report echocardiography surgery and veterinary imaging service, veterinary is used in the research of anesthetic effects on sciences institut, Batna University.Ultrasonography o ventricular function and clinically in the diagnosis of was done in the water with 25 C by sectorial congestive cardiomyopathy in a cat, ventricular septal transducer (Mylab 40 XVision Biosound Esaote), from 2 cm distance (Fig 1).In the laboratory, the thickness and inter-ventricular space thickness were waves of ultrasonography were sent from right written in the Table-1.After the hearts were ventricle (RV).The thickness of left ventricle wall sonographied by in vitro, they were cut by a scalpel (LV), right ventricle wall (RV) and inter ventricular and were measured by a special ruler (caliper).The space (IVS) were measured by ultrasonography (Fig results of this part were written in

Table 2 .
In figure-32).After preparing ultrasonogrphes obtained by in was shown the anatomical measuring of the heart.vitro ultrasonography were compared with natural

Table - 2 results of sheep heart ventricle walls and inter ventricular wall thickness at anatomical way with a ruler (mm).
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