A (2012). Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum at Batna Commercial poultry farms in

Aim: The present study was undertaken to know the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in broiler and layer chickens in the area of Batna, eastern Algeria. This investigation was conducted during the period from 2008 to 2011. Materials and Methods: A total of 505 sera samples were collected and tested by serum plate agglutination (SPA) test using Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae antigens (Soleil Diagnostic) to detect the presence of antibodies against MS and MG. Results: The overall prevalence of MS and MG infection in the 27 flocks visited in this investigation were recorded as 66.33% and 69.90% respectively. Seroprevalence of MG infection was found significantly (p 0.05) higher in large flocks (76.97%) in comparison to small flocks (63.63%). The highest prevalence (76.59%) of mycoplasmal infection in layer hens was found in Lohman strain. Conclusion: It has been found that MG and MS infections are still important disease problems in poultry farms in Algeria.


Introduction
All ages of chickens are susceptible to this disease but young birds are more prone to infection than adults [3].Mycoplasmosis is one of the major problems The disease may be transmitted both horizontally and among avian diseases in emerging poultry industry of vertically and remain in the flock constantly as Algeria.In the recent years, poultry farming has been subclinical form [4]. hampered by the outbreak of fatal infectious diseases The aim of this study is to know the status of caused by bacteria, viral, Mycoplasmal and other Mycoplasmosis in Algeria in chickens in order to take causal agents [1].
an effective control measure against this infection Among bacterial diseases, mycoplasmosis is one which causes heavy economic losses. of the most important infections in poultry that cause serious economic losses.Agglutination test (SPA) to determine the seroprevalence Study area: The present study was conducted during of MG and MS infection in the region of Batna, eastern the period from 2008 to 2011, at 13 districts.A total of Algeria (figure-1).The overall prevalence of infection twenty seven layer and broiler chickens flocks were was 68.11% which strongly supported the earlier investigations of Wunderwald et al. [7] who reported a selected in 13 municipalities of the region of Batna, in rate of 75% of mycoplasmal infection and Osman et al.Algeria with at least one livestock by municipality: [8] with 61.47%.laying hens (n = 11), broiler chickens (n = 16).A total Age is a very important parameter influencing of 505 birds were randomly selected for blood the incidence of mycoplasmosis [9].According to the collection.
age, the seroprevalence of mycoplasmosis in young Mycoplasma (MG, MS) antigen: The serological birds were significantly higher than adult birds screening of Mycoplasma infection was conducted by regardless of the species.Indeed, in laying hens, the the rapid serum agglutination test (SPA) carried out higher prevalence of MG and MS infection were according to the technique described by Adler [5] with respectively 75% and 95.83% in the age group from 52 an antigen of MG and MS (colored inactivated to 112 days (P = 0.0001 for MG and P = 0.0002 for Antigen for SPA kindly supplied by Soleil diagnostics, MS).In broilers chickens, the frequency of infection France).
with MG and MS were respectively 92.59% and 88.88% in birds aged 30-39 days (P = 0.0065 for MG Preparation of sera samples: The evaluation of the and P = 0.0013 for MS).Similar report was demons-SPA test was validated using known positive and trated by Osman et al. [8].negative control sera.After coagulation during 2 hours Figure -2 shows that the individual rate of at room temperature, the sera were centrifuged at 1500 infection is more significantly higher for broilers tr /min for 15 min and inactivated at 56°C for 30 min.chickens (P < 0.0001).The seroprevalence of MG Then, the sera were diluted to 1/5 to reduce non infection was estimated at 65.91% in broiler chickens.specific and cross-reactions between MG and MS.All This value appears to be significantly higher than the sera are put in sterile aliquots and maintained at 4°C values of 1.25%, 49.5% and 30% respectively until use within the following 48hours.According to reported by Baruta et al. [10], Barua et al. [11] and Stanley et al. [6], the reaction is considered positive Aimeur et al. [12].The prevalence of MS infection when the clumps appear in two minutes.
was found to be 69.96%.Mac Owan et al. [13] gave Statistical analysis: The seroprevalence of MG and same result (64.23%).In laying hens, we estimated MS infections were compared with season, age of infection caused by MG at a rate of 62.21%.It is birds, size of flock, type of production and strain of probably as widespread as in Bangladesh (66.5% and birds by the correlation test. 45.1%) in the study of Barua et al. [11] and Hossain et farms with high production probably is related to Sero-Prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum deficiencies in the management and biosecurity [22].
Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum at Batna Commercial poultry farms research by the university authority.During the survey Results and Discussion visits, the researchers introduced themselves and A total of 505 sera samples were collected during explained the objective and methodology of the study winter and summer season tested by Serum Plate to all poultry farmers.

Figure- 4 .
Figure-4.Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in relation with age in broiler chickens It is caused by four commonly Materials and Methods recognized pathogenic Mycoplasma namely Mycoplasma