Disposal and utilization of broiler slaughter waste by composting

Aim: To know the feasibility of hygienic and environmentally safe method of disposal of broiler slaughter house waste with coir pith and caged layer manure. Materials and Methods: Compost bins (4 feet x 4 feet x 4 feet) were established with concrete blocks with air holes to facilitate aerobic composting. The broiler slaughter waste and coconut coir pith waste were collected from the local market, free of cost. The caged layer manure available from poultry farms were utilized as manure substrate. Physical properties and chemical composition of ingredients were analyzed and a suitable compost recipe was formulated (USDA-NRCS, 2000). Two control bins were maintained simultaneously, using caged layer manure with coir pith waste and water in a ratio of 0.8:3:1.2 (T ) and another one bin using caged layer manure alone(T ). 2 3 Results: At the end of composting, moisture content, weight and the Volume of the compost were reduced significantly (P<0.01), pH, EC, TDS, total organic carbon and total nitrogen content were also significantly (P<0.01) reduced at the finishing of composting. Calcium, phosphorous and potassium content was progressively increased during composting period. The finished compost contains undetectable level of salmonella. Cowpea and sorghum seeds showed positive germination percentage when this finished compost was used. It indicated that all of the finished compost was free from phytotoxin substances. Conclusion: The results indicated that, composting of slaughter waste combined with coir pith waste may be a hygienic and environmentally safe method of disposal of broiler slaughter house waste.


Introduction
disposal of broiler slaughter house waste with coir pith and caged layer manure.Poultry broiler meat industry is growing tremendously.Presently broiler birds are slaughtered Materials and Methods by small and medium sized retailers and the waste like Compost bins (4 feet x 4 feet x 4 feet) were feathers, inedible offal and undigested feed materials established with concrete blocks with air holes to generated from the slaughter is a problem for the facilitate aerobic composting.The broiler slaughter operators for handling and disposing.Normally such waste and coconut coir pith waste were collected from wastes are unutilized and thrown out along with the local market on free of cost.The caged layer municipal solid waste, which attracts stray animals manure available from poultry farms were utilized as and wild birds, thus creates bio-security problems.manure substrate.Further, during decomposition, such waste creates fly Physical properties and chemical composition of and odour problem also.
ingredients were analyzed and a suitable compost Composting is a natural process by which the recipe was formulated [1].While formulating compost beneficial microorganisms decompose the organic recipe the C:N ratio and moisture level was fixed as waste quickly and generate heat which helps to 20:1 and 60 per cent, respectively.A base layer of 6 eliminate pathogens.Coir pith waste is available in inches of caged layer manure was spread after which plenty from coir industry which can act as a good the bins were filled by sequential layering of slaughter carbon source.
waste, manure substrate, coir pith waste and water in a Hence this work is proposed to know the feasibility ratio of 1:3:1.4:1.9 (T ).Composting process was carried of hygienic and environmentally safe method of out as per the procedure followed by USDA-NRCS [1] statistically analyzed by two way analysis with and Sivakumar et al [2].
replicate as per the methods suggested by Snedecor Two control bins were maintained simulta-and Cochran [4].neously, using caged layer manure with coir pith waste

Results and Discussion
and water in a ratio of 0.8:3:1.2(T ) and another one 2 The composting process was done in two stages.bin using caged layer manure alone (T ).The physical 3 Immediately after filling up of compost bins, the properties and chemical composition of finished temperature, increased from third day onwards and compost materials were analyzed and evaluated for reached the peak temperature of 55.63 ºC in T the microbial load [3].Physicochemical Analysis: Compost samples were in the primary stage and similar trend was noticed in collected at the end of secondary stage.Samples were the secondary stage also.Temperature above 55 ºC for gathered from different locations to get a representhree cumulative days is sufficient to eliminate tative sample.Sample (250 g) was collected from six maximum pathogens [3,5].In this work broiler different locations and stored in an air tight polythene slaughter house waste compost recorded persistency bag and transferred immediately for moisture of thermophilic temperature for six days which estimation.Moisture content of composting samples ensures bio-safety of composting process.was determined by drying at 105ºC in the hot air oven Slaughter house waste took 52 days (both for 24 hours.Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were primary and secondary stage) to finish the composting measured using digital pH meter (Water proof pH, process which are comparable with the results of EC/TDS and Temperature meter, HANNA Instruments, Sivakumar et al. [2] and Sakthivadivu [6].At the end USA, model No. HI 98130) by preparing 1: 10 w/v of composting, moisture content, weight and volume compost -water extract.Total organic matter (TOM) of the compost was reduced significantly (P<0.01), was calculated by gravimetric loss on ignition pH, EC, TDS, total organic carbon and total nitrogen produced by ashing the samples in a muffle furnace for content were also significantly (P<0.01)reduced at the 24 hours at 430º C. The total organic carbon content finishing of composting (Table 1).was calculated from the ash content using the formula Calcium, phosphorous and potassium content Total organic carbon = [1-ash content x (1000)].The was progressively increased during composting total carbon was calculated from total organic matter period (Table -1).At the end of composting total value using the conventional "Van Bemelem Factor" bacterial count and coliform was reduced.This of 1.724.The weight loss on ignition was divided by reduction was mainly due to increasing temperature