Haemato-biochemical studies of Camels infested with Trypanosomiasis

Aim: To know the Haemato-Biochemical values of camels infested with Trypanosomiasis. Materials and Methods: A herd of 13 camels showing signs of inappetance, lethargy, going down in condition, urticarial swellings, oedema of pads and occasional shivering were examined. Blood samples were collected to screen for the trypanosomes and to record hemato-biochemical alterations. Treatment of both group I and group II was undertaken. Results: Nine camels were positive for Trypanosomes recording an incidence of 69.23%. A significant (P<0.01) increase in temperature and decrease in TEC was observed, while a significant (P<0.05) increase in TLC, neutrophils and eosinophils and significant (P<0.05) decrease in lymphocytes was noted in positive blood samples. Significant (P<0.05) decrease in blood glucose levels was recorded and one camel died due to hypoglycemic encephalopathy. Trypanosomiasis was treated successfully with Quinapyramine salts.


Materials and Methods
Trypanosomiasis (surra) is a chronic disease in The herd of 13 camels was examined for clinical signs and temperatures were recorded.To screen for camels and characterized by remittent fever, anaemia the presence of trypanosomes and to study haematoand cachexia [1].It is caused by flagellate protozoan, biochemical alterations, blood was collected from Trypanosoma evansi and mechanically transmitted by jugular vein as per International Animal Ethics biting flies such as Tabanus, Stomoxys and Liperosia Committee Guideline.Wet smears were collected and [2].
screened under high power for the presence of trypanosomes [7].Whole blood was collected in the vials containing Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and without anti coagulant for haematological and blood glucose estimation respectively.economic importance in the Camels were divided into two groups.Group I positive Indian subcontinent [4] and South Asian countries [5].
for trypanosomes and group II negative for trypanosomes.An acute form characterized by persistent fever with The total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte trypanosomes always demonstrable in peripheral blood count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume circulation and ending fatally after a few weeks [6].In (PCV) and differential leucocyte count (DLC) were Hyderabad, where the present work was undertaken, the estimated as per the methods described by Schalm et camel population is very less.A few camels are reared al. [8].The glucose levels were estimated immediately in the city for joy rides and ceremonial processions.
as per the method of Folin and Wu [9].The haemato-In the present investigation, a herd of 13 camels biochemical alterations of both the groups were showing signs of inappetance, lethargy, going down in statistically analyzed by employing't' test [10].condition, urticarial swellings, oedema of pads and Therapy was instituted with quinapyramine occasional shivering were studied with an objective of prosalt @ 5 mg/kg b wt and 2.5 mg/kg b. wt screening for trypanosomes and haemato-biochemical subcutaneously single dose in group I and group II alterations.
Trypanosoma evansi is the most widely distributed pathogenic animal trypanosome, affecting domesticated livestock in Asia, Africa, Central and South America and Europe [3].It causes a widely prevalent serious disease of domestic and wild animals which is of considerable animals, respectively.Supportive therapy was eosinophils was observed.These changes can be undertaken with 20% dextrose, 1000 ml, intravenous attributed to an increase in the activity of the for two days and Inj.B-Complex with liver extract, 15 mononuclear phagocytic system.The eosinophilia ml, intramuscularly for 3 days in group I animals, observed is a feature of parasitic infections and is while group II animals received Inj.B-complex with associated with immediate type hyper sensitivity liver extract, 15 ml, intramuscularly for 3 days.

Results and Discussion
respectively, was recorded while a significant increase The herd improved and returned to normal in eosinophils was reported by Ahmad et al [17] in health within a week after treatment.haemoparasitized camels.The herd of 13 camels showed the clinical signs Group I animals showed significant (P<0.05) of inappetance, lethargy, going down in condition, decrease in blood glucose and one animal died showing urtricarial swellings, oedema of pads, abdomen and signs of circling, head pressing and convulsions with sheaths with occasional shivering.Similar signs were blood glucose of 20 mg/ 100 ml.The nervous signs in camel can be attributed to hypoglycemic encephareported by Mottelib et al. [11] in camels suffering lopathy.Hypoglycemia can be attributed to malfunwith trypanosomiasis.Out of 13 camels examined, 9 ctions of adrenals, pancreas and thyroid glands [18].were positive for trypanosomes (group I) and 4 animals Camel trypanosomiasis is a disease of major were negative (group II) on wet smear examination, economic importance and control is limited to treating recording an incidence of 69.23% as against 14.28% those animals that are considered to be infected on the recorded by Mahajan [12] in Hyderabad state.While basis of clinical signs and wet blood smears and an incidence of 7.50%, 10.67% and 13.72% were prophylactic therapy to the rest of the herd.reported by Pathak [13], Chaudhary and Iqbal [14] and Shah et al. [15] respectively.Camel acts as a carrier Acknowledgements with frequent crises and parasitemia denotes acute The author is thankful to the staff of Veterinary infection of the disease [11].
Biological Research Institute (VBRI), Animal Group I animals recorded a significant (P<0.01)Husbandry Department, Hyderabad for the laboratory increase in temperature and significant (P<0.01)decrease support extended during the study. of TEC.A significant (P<0.05)decrease of Hb and PCV in positive animals was recorded which indicated anaemia (Table 1) which can be attributed to haemolytic factor produced by trypanosomes [6].The present findings are in accordance with Derakhshanfar, et al [16].