doi:10.5455/vetworld.2013.100-102 Antibiogram pattern of bacteria causing endometritis in cows

Aim : To find out the organisms causing endometritis in cattle and to determine their in vitro sensitivity to various antibiotics Materials and methods: Thirty uterine secretion samples, 9 from Holstein Friesian and 21 from Jersey cows were collected in and around Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu from clinical cases of endometritis. The bacteria isolated both aerobically and anaerobically from endometritis showed the characteristic colony, were gram stained and confirmed by standard biochemical tests. The invitro antibiotic sensitivity test with different antibiotic discs were carried out. Results and Discussion: Out of 30 samples, 25 contained different strains of bacteria and 5 were found bacteriologically sterile. Different species of bacteria isolated from these samples were, Escherichia coli (36.66%), Klebsiella spp (30%), Proteus spp (13.33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.66%), Clostridium spp (3.33%). The in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test indicated that the highest number of isolates (64%) were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, followed by Gentamicin, Enrofloxacin and Chlortetracycline (32%). Chloramphenicol showed sensitivity in minimum number (8%) of isolates. Conclusion : This study revealed that the bacteria E.coli and Klebisella spp are more commonly isolated in endometritis in cows and the drug Ceftriaxone is highly effective.


Introduction
of endometritis are Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella species Metritis and endometritis are inflammation of the [14,15].Besides Actinomyces pvogenes, Gram-negative uterus.Metritis involves the endometrium, the anaerobic bacteria like Fusobacterium necrophorum underling glandular tissues and the muscular layer and Bacteroides spp may have an important role in the [1,2].While, endometritis, is involves only the endopathogenesis of endometritis [11].Frazier et.al.
[16] metrium with the underlying glandular tissues [3], reported endometritis in postparturient cattle associated without any systemic signs [4].Bacteriological contawith bovine herpesvirus-4 infection.The infections of minations of the uterus after parturition and metabolic uterus caused by bacteria are treated with antibiotics.changes in the transition period are important etiological However, the efficacy of such therapeutic agents needs factors for the occurrence of metritis and endometritis to be evaluated from time to time due to continuous [5].Endometritis is one of the most common reproductive emergence of drug resistant bacterial strains.disorder of buffaloes and cows.This problem not only Objectives of this study were, to find out the affects milk yield but also decreases reproductive organisms causing endometritis in cattle and to determine efficiency [6,7].It is the main health problem in high their in vitro sensitivity to various antibiotics.producing cows [8,9].Subclinical endometritis has been implicated as the most common cause of failure of Actinomyces pyogenes followed by Escherichia coli suspended in nutrient broth and then incubated for and Streptococci bacteria.The results of in vitro overnight.The sterile cotton swab was dipped in the antibiotic sensitivity test in the present study indicated bacterial suspension and then rolled over the surface of that the maximum number of isolates were sensitive to the Muller-Hinton agar medium and covered evenly Ceftriaxone, followed by Gentamicin, Enrofloxacin with the bacterial suspension.Eight different antibiotic and Chlortetracycline.Chloramphenicol showed the discs were placed over the surface of the agar plate.For lowest results in terms of invitro antibiotic sensitivity.this purpose, separate antibiotic discs (Himdedia, However, Muneer et.al. [18] and Bhat and Bhattacharyya Mumbai) containing Gentamicin 10 mg, Chloram- [19] reported oxytetracycline to be the best antibiotic phenicol 30 mg, Enrofloxacin 5 mg, Ceftriaxone 30 for the treatment of metritis in cows.From these results mg, Amoxycilin 30 mg, Tetracycline 30 mg, Chlor-it appears that Ceftriaxone, as well as, Gentamicin, tetracycline 30 mg and Ciprofloxacin 5 mg per discs Enrofloxacin, Chlortetracycline are equally effective were employed.in treating endometritis in cows.

Results
necessity, in the context of variation factors concerning Various species of bacteria isolated from uterine the frequency of different involved bacterial species, secretion samples of Holstein Friesian and Jersey cows and their susceptibility to different antimicrobial products.and their in vitro antibiotic sensitivity to different Although non concordances were found between in antibiotics are presented in Table-1.Of the total 30 vitro and in vivo susceptibility, caused by in vitro uterine samples, 25 contained different bacterial strains instability of germs, different requirements to the while 5 were found bacteriologically sterile.Bacterial culture environment, drug over-dosing or technique errors, species isolated from these samples were, Escherichia the antibiogram could be useful to the practitioner in coli (36.66%),Klebsiella spp(30%), Proteus spp (13.33%), choosing the most efficient antibacterial products.Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.66%) and Clostridium However, therapeutic trials using these antibiotics spp (3.33%).In the present study, 16.66% samples did should have been carried out to find out the most not show any microbial growth.Since these samples effective drug.were taken from animals showing clinical signs of Conclusion endometritis, they cannot be bacteria-free.It is possible that the media/conditions used in the study were not This study revealed that the endometritis in cattle favourable for the growth of micro-organisms present is mainly caused by E.coli and Klebisella spp and the in these samples.
drug Ceftriaxone is highly effective.
Growth characteristics of the isolates were for endometritis in cows.Bhatand Bhattacharyya [19] recorded.The cultures were purified by subculturing isolated Staphylococcus spp, E. coli, Bacillus spp, and were refrigerated for further studies.The bacteria Corynebacterium spp, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp, isolated both aerobically and anaerobically from Klebsiella spp and Streptococcus spp from metritis endometritis showed the characteristic colony, were affected crossbred cows of Kashmir valley.Similarly, gram stained and confirmed by standard biochemical Costa et.al. [20] isolated Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas tests such as catalase test, oxidase test, indole test, aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, in more methyl-red test, voges-proskauer test, citrate utilization number from uterine discharge and washings of cows test and sugar fermentation tests as described by Barrow suffering from metritis.Shweta [21] also reported the and Feltham [17].Each isolate was characterized on isolation of these organisms from uterine discharge and the basis of staining behaviour, size, motility and washings of cows suffering from endometritis.But, cultural and biochemical tests.All the isolates were Bonnett et.al. [22] reported that endometrial biopsies tested for in vitro antibiotic sensitivity as per Muneer in Holstein Friesian cows were highly positive for et.al. [18] as follows.All the isolated colonies were 0 incubated at 37 C for over night.These samples were estrus, increases the number of services per conception, inoculated by streaking method on blood agar, Mac and thus prolongs the interval to calving[12].Bacterial Conkey agar and Nutrient agar.The inoculated media isolation has been reported from uterine secretions of were incubated, both under aerobic and anaerobic cows suffering from endometritis[13].A wide variety 0 conditions, at 37 C and examined after every 12 hours of bacteria has been recovered from uteri of postpartum till 48 hours post inoculation for the presence of any cows.Most prevalent pathogens involved in the etiology growth.