doi:10.5455/vetworld.2013.380-383 Haematological and biochemical analysis in canine enteritis

Aim: The present investigation screened eighteen clinical cases of canine enteritis for haematological and biochemical analyses. Materials and Methods: Eighteen dogs suffering from enteritis were selected and detailed clinical manifestations were noted. Hematological and biochemical parameters were estimated by using various kits. Blood was also collected from twelve healthy dogs for establishing control values and data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The affected dogs showed anorexia, diarrhoea, depression, varying degree of dehydration and tachycardia. There were significant changes in packed cell volume, neutrophils, lymphocytes and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Biochemical investigation revealed significant decrease in plasma glucose, total plasma protein, albumin and albumin:globulin ratio (A:G ratio). The level of potassium and chloride was markedly decreased. Significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was observed. Conclusion: Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC) remained almost similar between healthy dogs and dogs affected with diarrhoea. Mean Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) value was significantly higher as compared to the control group. Hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia and increase in blood urea nitrogen was observed in dogs suffering from enteritis.


Introduction
(EDTA, 1mg/ml) and about 3-4 ml in sterile heparinized syringes aseptically from cephalic or recurrent tarsal vein, Among gastrointestinal disturbances, enteritis is before any treatment was instituted.Samples with the common disease which is encountered in all breeds EDTA were used for haematological studies.Immediately and age group of canine population.Various factors after collection, plasma was separated from heparinized like bacterial and viral infections, parasitic infestations, blood by centrifuging at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes.irritant drugs, dietary errors, ingestion of toxic materials Haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total etc. have been reported to be associated with canine erythrocytic count (TEC) and total and differential enteritis [1].It is characterized by anorexia, diarrhoea leucocytic counts were determined using standard which may be haemorrrhagic and dehydration.Weight methods [3].loss or stunting is seen in dogs that are more severely Biochemical and electrolytes estimations were affected [2].Irrespective of etiology, enteritis leads to carried out by using commercially available kits.Alanine electrolyte imbalance and dehydration.aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase Thus, the present study was undertaken to (AST), blood glucose, total protein, plasma albumin, ascertain haematological and biochemical alterations blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine kits were in clinical cases of canine enteritis.

Materials and Methods
Sodium, potassium and chloride kits were procured from Reckon Diagnostics Pvt.Ltd, India.Globulin was A total of 18 dogs of different breeds presented in estimated as per method given by manufacturer.Blood the college veterinary clinics and suffering from biochemical parameters were estimated on Microlab enteritis were taken for the study.Detailed clinical 300 Clinical Chemistry Analyser (Merck Limited, India).manifestations and clinical parameters were recorded.
Blood was also collected from twelve healthy About 1 ml blood was taken in sterile syringes containing dogs for establishing control values to compare the disodium salt of ethylenediamine-tetra acetic acid data.The animal care and the protocol for use of healthy dog as control were approved by the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA).

Statistical analysis:
The data obtained were subjected anorexia that accompanies inflammatory disease.to statistical analysis by using GraphPad Software, Cachectin is induced by endotoxin and may be the (http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/ttest2.cfm).
In the affected dogs, tachycardia and tachypnoea

Results and Discussion
were observed which might be due to effect of The common signs shown by dogs suffering from catecholamine and other compensatory mechanism of enteritis were diarrhoea, anorexia, depression, dehyheart to maintain oxygen supply to tissues [7,8].Higher dration, tachycardia and tachypnoea (Table 1 & 2).respiration rates could be due to hypoxia, which causes Diarrhoea was haemorrhagic in 50 per cent of the increase in depth and rate of breathing.Severe affected dogs.Mean rectal temperature, heart rate and metabolic acidosis in canines is often manifested in respiration rate was significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05) hyperventilation [8,9].increased in the affected dogs as compared to control In the present investigation, PCV and TEC group (Table -1).Inflammatory processes in the remained almost similar between healthy dogs and gastrointestinal system can result in fever, anorexia and dogs affected with diarrhoea.Several workers have weight loss [4].These signs result from the release of reported significantly higher PCV in dogs with certain mediators of inflammation.Interleukin-1, which diarrhoea and the same was attributed to dehydration is an important mediator of inflammation in many [10][11][12].One possible explanation for unaltered PCV in tissues including the gut tissue and is a polypeptide dogs with gastrointestinal haemorrhage may be due to product of variety of cells, causes fever.While cachectin, antagonistic mechanism of lowered PCV associated a polypeptide derived from activated macrophages, with intestinal bleeding, and elevated PCV in along with interleukin is responsible for the fever and dehydration due to fluid loss [13][14][15].Mean TLC value

Table - 2
. Clinical signs in dogs suffering from enteritis.