doi:10.5455/vetworld.2013.329-331 Influence of age, sex and season on morbidity and mortality pattern in goats under village conditions of Madhya Pradesh

Aim: To study factors affecting morbidity and mortality pattern in goats in Chambal division of Madhya Pradesh under village conditions. Materials and Methods: The sampling scheme adopted during study was stratified three stage random sampling and data on 549 goats were recorded. Results: The overall morbidity and mortality rate was 20.58% and 10.20% respectively. Proportional mortality due to diarrhoea was highest (35.71%) followed by pneumonia (28.57%) and miscellaneous causes (12.5%). Pattern of morbidity in male and female was almost similar. Age of goats was the most important factor and accounted for 39.29%, 28.57% and 32.14% mortality in 0-3 month, 6-9 month and above 9 months, respectively. The effect of season on goat mortality was significant (p<0.05).The incidence of mortality were 41.07%, 37.5% and 21.43% in winter, rainy and summer season respectively. Conclusion: In goats mortality was significantly influenced by age groups and suggesting that more care and attention need to be paid in kids 0-3 months age irrespective of season. Mortality due to various diseases in kids and adults could be minimized by identifying the cause and giving proper treatment.


Materials and Methods
The Chambal division was selected for study, it Goat is one of the most important livestock consists of three districts Morena, Bhind and Sheopur.species in India, which provide food and nutritional This division was divided into three strata taking each security to millions of marginal and small farmers and district as stratum and two blocks from each district agricultural labourers [1].India has 140.54 million was selected.From each block three villages were goats which provide 4.59 million tonnes milk and 0.85 selected and ten goat owners were selected randomly million tonnes meat [2].Goats have short generation from each village during period of one year (January interval, high prolificacy, capacity to survive on sparse 2010 to December 2010).Hence ultimate sample vegetation and easy adaptation to a wide range of comprises 180 livestock owners.The stratified three climatic conditions [3].
stage random sampling was adopted for the selection of The effect of diseases on livestock productivity respondents.The calendar year was divided into 3 includes; reduced feed intake, change in digestion and seasons: March-June (summer), July-October (Rainy) metabolism, increased morbidity and mortality, and November-February (winter).The time period decreased rates of reproduction, weight gain and milk from birth to death was divided into three age groups production.Morbidity and mortality greatly affects the kids (0-3 months), Youngstocks (3-6 months) and economic returns from goat husbandry.Knowledge of adults (> 6 months).disease pattern in different age groups and seasons will be of immense help in health management to reduce Statistical analysis: The data were analyzed by mortality.Keeping these aspects in view, the present applying Chi-square test using SPSS 11.0 software.study was undertaken to ascertain factors affecting

morbidity and mortality pattern in goats under village conditions in Chambal division of Madhya Pradesh,
Factors affecting morbidity pattern: The overall India.
morbidity rate was 20.58%.As presented in table 1, the overall incidence of diarrhoea was 32.74% followed by pneumonia (25.60%), ectoparasites (12.39%), goat pox (11.50%) and anorexia (9.73%).The miscellaneous group accounted for 7.96% morbidity and comprising of retention of urine, tympany, pyometra prominent followed by pneumonia (28.57%) and and dog bite.miscellaneous causes (12.5%).Similar observations The interaction between age and cause exhibited were reported by Poonia and Malik [6].that incidence of diarrhoea and pneumonia was highest The chi-square analysis showed that there was in 0-3 month and lowest in above 6 months age.The significant difference (p<0.05)among different age groups on mortality pattern.Mortality was highest incidence of goat pox was highest (21.43%) in above 6 (39.29%) in 0-3 months of age, then after decline in months age and lowest (2.63%) in 0-3 month age mortality was observed.This might be due to less similar findings were reported by Nandi et al. [4].The immunity in kids, which leads to disease and ultimately difference in morbidity in different age groups were mortality.This finding was in agreement with Singh et found significant (p<0.05).Pattern of morbidity was al. [7].Mortality in 0-3 months age group was mainly higher in above 6 months age (37.17%) than 0-3 due to diarrhoea (40.91%) followed by pneumonia months (33.63%) followed by 3-6 months age group (31.82%).Bobde and Barbind [8] and Soundarjan et al. (29.20%).
[9] have reported high mortality in kids due to enteritis The chi-square analysis showed that there was no followed by pneumonia.Similar results were observed significant difference (p>0.05) between sex groups on by Chowdhary et al.
[10], where they found that morbidity pattern.However, male showed higher 42.39% of kids died due to pneumonia followed by morbidity due to diarrhoea (35.09%) and pneumonia diarrhoea (32.61%).(28.07%).Whereas, female showed higher morbidity Female showed more mortality due to diseases due to anorexia and ectoparasites (14.29%) each as than male, which is 53.57% and 46.43% respectively.compared to their counterpart.
Male kids had better rate of survival than females.The analysis of morbidity pattern revealed that Similar findings were observed by Debele et al. [11].season had significant effect (p<0.01) and it was found Results indicate that the sex groups had no significant that incidence of pneumonia was higher in rainy effect (p>0.05) on mortality pattern.Mortality due to (38.94%) than winter (36.28%) followed by summer pneumonia was higher in female (30%) than male season (24.78%).The incidence of diarrhoea was more (26.92%),whereas male showed higher mortality due in summer (50%) and rainy (40%) as compared to to miscellaneous causes.winter (12.2%).Morbidity due to pneumonia was The death of goats was highest (41.07%) in winter higher in winter (46.34%) than rainy (18.18%) and lowest (21.43%) in summer season.Mortality due followed summer season (7.14%).
to pneumonia was higher in winter (52.17%) than rainy Factors affecting mortality pattern: The overall (14.29%) followed by summer season (8.33%).The mortality rate was 10.20%.Sabapara and Deshpande effect of season on goat mortality was significant [5] also recorded that overall mortality was 8.42% in (p<0.05).These results were closely in agreement with goats under field conditions.As presented in

Table - 2
. Mortaliity pattern (%) in goats Figure in parentheses are number of observations, NS= Non-significant, *Significant at 5% level of significance