Study on the growth performance of the broiler after feeding of okara meal containing with or without non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzyme 1

Aim: The objective was to study the growth performance of the broiler birds after feeding Okara meal containing with or without non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzyme. Materials and Methods: 220 day-old broiler chicks were individually weighed and divided randomly into five treatment groups (T , T , T , T and T ) consisting of 44 chicks each which was further subdivided into four replicates of 11 chicks. The 1 2 3 4 5 feed consumption in each replicates of five groups was recorded daily for a total period of 6 weeks experimental feeding. Results: The average total feed consumption of six weeks was 3948.10±7.60, 4088.76±8.30, 4415.33±9.44, 4381.24±9.25 and 4728.76±10.05 (g) in groups T , T , T , T and T , respectively. The differences were statistically non-significant (P>0.05) 1 2 3 4 5 among the various groups. The average total body weight gain and average daily weight gain in birds of group T were 4 significantly higher (P<0.01) than birds of other groups except T group. It showed that 25 percent replacement of ground nut 3 cake with Okara meal and addition of non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzyme (provizyme-bro) had positive effect on growth performance of birds. The increase in weight in broilers of enzyme added group T in comparison to their counterpart 4 without enzyme group (T and T ) attributed to degradation of non-starch polysaccharides in ration, thereby, enhancing the 2 3 utilization of other nutrients. Conclusion: The findings indicated that 25 percent replacement of ground nut cake with Okara meal and addition of nonstarch polysaccharides degrading enzyme had positive effect on growth performance of birds. So, Okara meal feeding had no adverse effect on growth performance of the broilers.


Introduction
osteoporosis, breast and prostate cancers because they are rich sources of bioactive phenolic compounds [5].

Feeding has been recognized as an important
Okara is a byproduct of soymilk processing which aspect as it accounts for 70-75 percent of the total cost contains shell, hull or husk of ground soybean [6].It is of poultry production [1], which is possible only by beige in color and has a light, crumbly, fine grained using locally available feed ingredients and agrotexture, which makes it look like moist sawdust or industrial byproducts.Soybean is a legume which is grated coconut and tastes similar to almond [7].Okara well-known for its beneficial properties [2].Soybean is rich in dietary fibre, mainly as insoluble fibre, contains 40 per cent high quality proteins, 20 per cent besides protein and fat [8][9][10][11].Okara from soyabean, oil, dietary fiber and photochemical, as well as, number like most vegetable residues from the food industry, is of minerals, vitamins and has the best essential amino very rich in insoluble but has a low soluble dietary fibre acid profile, but it is deficient in sulfur-containing content [8,10].Okara is just treated as industrial waste amino acids (methionine, lysine, cystine) and contains with little market value because of its short shelf life endogenous anti-nutrients including protease (trypsin) [12].It contains 34 per cent crude protein, 22.5 per cent inhibitors [3].Because of their versatile applications, crude fiber, 12.7 per cent ether extract, 27.5 per cent soybeans have played important roles in feed nitrogen-free extract and 3.8 per cent ash on dry matter industries.This plant having tonic and restorative food basis [13].Okara is both a source of energy and protein, properties because of its high content of isoflavone, a serving as excellent feed for ducks and pigs, either fed compound whose chemical structure is similar to that alone or mixed with rice bran, lime stone and salt to of estrogen [4].This soy-derived food has several make a more complete supplement.The estimated potential health benefits viz.cardiovascular diseases, metabolizable energy (ME) content of Okara is 3388 Kcal/kg.The soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), part of carbohydrate rich feeds has an anti-nutritive effect in poultry due to modification of the intestinal out with the approval of the institutional ethics viscosity and altered intestinal transit time.This committee and as per the laws in force at the time of consequently reduces rate of diffusion and assimilation carrying out this work and at the time of sending this of various nutrients.As the viscosity increases, the paper for publication.ability of bird to mix content of feed in gut is drastically Feed intake: The feed consumption of the experimental impaired.This reduces emulsification of fat, thereby, birds under each treatment was measured on the reducing the total available nutrients to the birds.
replicate group basis at weekly intervals for six weeks.Secondly, retention of ingesta in gut for longer time At the end of every week, feed residue and spillage will potentiate the proliferation of microbial were collected and quantitatively measured for each population leading to increase possibility of secondary replicate group to record the net feed intake.On the infections.The NSP degrading enzyme will minimize basis of week wise feed intake, average cumulative feed such effects of non-starch polysaccharides of feed and intake under each group was accordingly calculated.will be beneficial for birds.The enzyme lowers the feed Body weight gain: All the chicks were wing-banded cost and help in reducing the environmental pollution and their individual body weight was recorded from the by minimizing the waste excretion.Keeping in view each replicate group at weekly intervals from first to the above facts, the present study was done to know the sixth week of age to ascertain week wise body weight carcass quality and organoleptic tests of broiler birds and body weight gain.The average value of body after feeding Okara meal.
weight and gain under each treatment group was then

Materials and Methods
calculated.Weight of birds was taken in the morning before offering feed and water to them.Two hundred twenty (220) day-old broiler chicks (Cobb strain, Venky's Hatcheries Pvt. Ltd., Bokaro) Feed conversion ratio: The feed conversion ratio was were individually weighed and divided randomly into calculated as the amount of feed consumed per unit five treatment groups (T , T , T , T and T ) consisting weight gain.
of 44 chicks each which was further subdivided into Protein efficiency ratio: The protein efficiency ratio four replicates of 11 chicks.All rations were designed was calculated as the amount of protein consumed per in such a way that they contain all the nutrients as per unit weight gain as follows.

Bureau of Indian Standard specifications [14] for
Statistical analysis: The data obtained in the present broiler birds.First group was treated as a control ration studies were analyzed statistically and subjected to test (T ) containing groundnut cake (GNC).In groups T 1 2 of significance as per the methods described by and T the GNC of control ration was replaced by Okara 3 Snedecor and Cochran [15] and by using WinStat meal at 25 and 50 per cent, respectively, on protein software system.equivalent basis.In groups T and T the chicks were 4 5 offered the same diets as in groups T and T , respectively, but with addition of NSP degrading The present study was carried out to Study the enzyme (provizyme-bro) @ 50 g per 100 kg.Equal growth performance of the broiler birds after feeding amount of mineral mixture, common salt and vitamin Okara meal containing with or without NSP degrading supplement were added in the ration of all groups.

Results and Discussion
enzyme.The feed consumption in each replicates of Standard broiler ration (Gold Mohur make) and fresh five groups was recorded daily for a total period of 6 drinking water and all required vaccine were given to weeks experimental feeding.The differences were all birds during entire experimentation.All the birds statistically non-significant (P>0.01)among the were fed ad libitum.Weighed quantity of feed was various groups.(Table-1) Average total body weight offered at 7:00 A.M. in the morning, 1:00 P.M. in gain in group T showed significant increase as 4 afternoon and 6:00 P.M. in the evening.compared to T , T and T , where as T and T did not Ethical approval: This research work has been carried differ significantly.Groups T , T and T also showed significant increase in body weight as compared to enhancing the utilization of other nutrients.This result control group while, T and T did not differ is in corroboration with the findings of Brenes [18] and 1 5

Oloffs [21]. significantly (Table-2). The average total body weight
The feed conversion efficiency differences gain and average daily weight gain in birds of group T 4 among the five groups were non-significant (P>0.05) were significantly higher (P<0.01)than birds of other (Table -3).Further, better results in this respect were groups except T group.It showed that 25 percent 3 noticed on supplementation of NSP degrading enzyme replacement of GNC with Okara meal and addition of supplement ration (T ) group.The present findings are NSP degrading enzyme had positive effect on growth 4 in agreement with the findings of Aletor and performance of birds.It might be due to more Olonimoya [22] in chicks fed processed soybean based digestibilities of crude protein moiety of Okara meal diets and Zhu [23].Non-significant effect of NSP and degradation of fibrous portion of the ration by NSP degrading enzyme.It is already reported that as the degrading enzyme supplement is in agreement with excess crude fiber of the ration was degraded, earlier reports of Elangovan [24] in laying hens and digestibility of other nutrients was increased [16,17].

Similar result was found [18] by addition by crude
The protein efficiency ration values in respect of enzyme preparation in diets containing Bedford barley all the five groups did not differ significantly among in the ration of leghorn chicks.However, the present themselves (P>0.05)(Table -4) The findings indicate result does not confirm the findings of Elangovan [19] that broiler birds in control as well as in four and Nageswara [20], which might be due to different experimental groups utilized the consumed protein for feed ingredients and different enzymes utilized in their their body weight gain with similar efficiency.experiments.The increase in weight in broilers of The findings indicated that Okara meal feeding enzyme added group T in comparison to their had no adverse effect on growth performance of the 4 counterpart without enzyme group (T and T ) broilers.The present findings are also in agreement 2 3 with the observations of Bajpai and Gupta [25] where attributed to degradation of NSP in ration, thereby,

Table - 1
. Average weekly feed intake (g per bird) in broilers.