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Open Access
Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access
article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly
cited.
Review (Published
online : 16-08-2013)
13. MicroRNA: biogenesis and computational target
identification: a review - Amod Kumar, V. N. Muhasin Asaf, Kush
Srivastava, Abdul Rahim, J. K. Chaudhary and Manjit Panigrahi
Veterinary World, 6(10): 761-765
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2013.761-765
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small,
endogenously produced, 18 to 24 nucleotides long in length. These
are non-coding RNAs that regulate the gene expression at
post-transcriptional level. They play important roles in animals
and plants by controlling regulatory mechanisms, and likely
influencing the output of many protein-coding genes. They
generally bind to 3' UTR region of the target sequence which then
leads to alterations in the gene expression. They also bind to
other regions like coding sequence and 5' UTR but these are less
efficient sites of interaction compared to 3'UTR. This alteration
in gene expression is either due to repression of translation or
mRNA degradation whereby the RNA interference pathway is initiated
to eliminate the targeted sequences. Now a days, various
computational or bioinformatics databases, tools, and algorithms
have been developed to identify the target genes which will be
further biologically validated using various techniques like
reporter gene assay, qRT-PCR, microarray etc.
Keywords: miRNA, gene regulation, UTR, bioinformatics
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