Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.6/Oct-2013/14.pdf RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access

Aim: Our objective was to evaluate the effect of bypass nutrients i.e. bypass lysine, methionine and fat on growth and nutritional efficiency in growing Jaffrabadi buffalo heifers aged 21 to 27 months. Materials and Methods: Twenty buffalo heifers were divided into four groups of equal number: control group (T1), bypass fat supplementation (T2), bypass lysine and methionine supplementation (T3) and bypass lysine, methionine and fat supplementation (T4). The feeds were analyzed for proximate constituents. Body measurements (body length, body height, heart girth, body girth, pelvic length and pelvic width) as well as body weights (kg) of individual animals were recorded at the beginning and thereafter at every fifteen day interval throughout the experimental period. Feed conversion ratio was determined in terms of dry matter required per kg gain in body weight under different treatments. Results: The total weight gain and average daily body weight gain during the experiment was highest in T4 followed by T2, which differed significantly (P<0.05) from that of T1. Biometric changes were uniform in all the experimental groups and the changes were positive. Heifers under the present experimental condition, gained biometry considerably though not significantly. Treatment differences were significant (P<0.05) for average value of percent dry matter intake but no significant differences were found between treatments for average daily dry matter intake and dry matter intake per kg metabolic body weight. The efficiency of feed utilization was best in T4 followed by T2, T3 and T1 groups but the treatment differences were statistically non significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Incorporation of bypass nutrients (lysine, methionine and fat) in the ration of growing Jaffrabadi heifers improved live weight gain, dry matter intake (kg/day), dry matter intake per kg metabolic weight and feed conversion ratio (DMI/kg body weight gain).


Introduction
protein is degraded in the rumen by ruminal microbes with the production of microbial protein which leads to India is the highest milk producing nation in the degrading of high quality protein and as a result the world and aims at producing 172 MMT milk at an availability of original amino acid sequence does not annual growth rate of 4 percent by the year 2022 [1].Lfully remain assured [3].lysine is a necessary building block for all s in the body Another important by-pass nutrient is the by-pass and plays a major role in calcium absorption; building fat which is the most energy dense nutrient available.muscle protein; recovering from surgery or sports Besides, it can also overcome the deleterious effect of injuries; and the production of hormones, enzymes, fats having a low melting point on fibre digestibility, and antibodies.Methionine is one of the two sulfurfeed intake and absorption of magnesium and calcium.containing proteinogenic amino acids.Its derivative S-Bypass fat helps in overcoming this negative energy adenosyl methionine (SAM) serves as a methyl donor balance phenomenon.during transmethylation reactions.Methionine is also In a typical diet for high yeilding bovines, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cysteine, approximately 40% of the protein consumed must be carnitine, taurine, lecithin and other phospholipids.
true protein that escapes degradation, whereas 60% of Protein is the first limiting nutrient in India the protein can be a mixture of protein and non-protein especially because the bovines are fed poor quality nitrogen that is degraded and incorporated into the roughages that are low in protein and protein's availability rumen microbes [4].Improved growth performance being only 19-20 MMT against the requirement of 30 through feeding rumen by-pass Methionine and Lysine to 35 MMT [2].Additionally, depending on the nature in young Jaffrabadi heifers (12-15 months in age) has and source of the protein supplement, 60 to 70 % of been reported by others [5].
In order to achieve the target of milk production, fast and adequate growth of heifers as replacement herd is highly essential.Due to a severe shortage in their availability, available feeds and fodders necessitate determined in terms of DM required per kg gain in very judicious utilization.One of the various available body weight under different treatments (Table -3).technologies that could help in judicious utilization of Statistical analysis: The data were analyzed statistically available feed resources and thus could minimize the using a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) as per gap between their requirement and availability is the the methods described in Snedecor and Cochran [8] use of rumen bypass nutrients such as bypass protein and a significance was declared when the P value was and more importantly, bypass limiting amino acids less than 0.05.like bypass methionine and bypass lysine along with

Results and Discussion
bypass fat.
Realizing the potential and advantages of rumen Table-2 shows the data of body weight and by-pass methionine, lysine as well as the rumen bypass biometric changes while Table-3 shows the data of dry fat the present investigation has been carried out to matter intake and feed conversion efficiency of determine the effect of bypass nutrients i.e. bypass experimental Jaffrabadi heifers.lysine, methionine and fat on growth and nutritional Body weight: The total weight gain (kg) and average efficiency in growing Jaffrabadi buffalo heifers.
daily body weight gain (g) during the experiment was

Materials and Methods
highest in bypass methionine, lysine and fat supplemented group (T4) followed by fat The study was approved by the committee formed supplemented group (T2), which differed significantly for the research by the university authorities and was th st (P<0.05) from that of control group (T1).conducted from 8 September, 2012 to 21 December, Body weight gain values of Jaffrabadi heifers 2012.Twenty Jaffrabadi buffalo heifers aged 21 to 27 reported in the present study are in agreement with that months were included in our experiment that was reported by several scientists in steers [9], in murrah conducted at the Cattle Breeding Farm, Junagadh heifers [10] and by other scientists who evaluated the Agricultural University, Junagadh.These animals were effects of incorporation of rumen protected lysine and divided into four groups of five each.T1 (Control methionine on growth in Jaffrabadi heifers [11,12].group) was fed with 15 Kg seasonal greens + Our results revealed that there were significant concentrate to meet DCP requirement, as per the NRC (P<0.001) improvement in average weight gains in the guidelines [6].T2 was fed similar to T1 + rumen bypass buffalo heifers of the bypass nutrients fed group fat @100 g/ head / day, T3 was fed similar to T1+ compared to those of control concentrate fed group.bypass lysine and methionine @ 15 and 5g/ head / day and T4 was fed similar to T1 along with feeding bypass Biometry: Differences in respect of initial biometry as lysine and methionine (as in T3) and also bypass fat (as well as gain in biometry in heifers of different groups in T2).Experimental ingredients were purchased from during the experimental period were non-significant Kemin Industries South Asia Pvt. Ltd.
(Table -2).The feeds were thoroughly analyzed for proximate Similar findings have been reported in experiments constituents (Table-1) using the methods described with Jaffrabadi heifers [11,12] and growing Murrah earlier [7].For body measurements: body length, body buffalo calves [13].However, when animal growth height, heart girth, body girth, pelvic length and pelvic tends to adult from heifer, simply height at wither will width of individual animals were recorded (Table 2) for be increase.[14].Significant (P<0.05)effect of feeding two consecutive days, before feeding and watering at formaldehyde treated rapeseed meal on heart girth but the beginning of the experiment and thereafter at every not on body length and height was reported [15].The fifteen day interval throughout the experimental same trend (P<0.01) was also reported in respect of period.Body weight (in kg) of heifers was recorded heart girth [16].

(Table-2) at the beginning of the experiment and
Dry matter intake: Dry matter intake in case of average thereafter at fifteen day intervals during the daily dry matter intake (DMI) and dry matter intake per experimental period.On the basis of feed and fodder kg metabolic body weight were statistically nonconsumption, dry matter (DM) consumed by the animals was calculated.Feed conversion ratio was significant (P>0.05)though, treatment differences The supplementation of rumen bypass nutrients T4 followed by T2, T3 and T1 but the treatment (bypass methionine, lysine and fat) in the ration of differences were statistically non significant (P>0.05).
Jaffrabadi heifers significantly (P<0.05)improved These findings are in agreement with results their live weight gain, dry matter intake (kg/day), dry obtained in studies that evaluated the effect of rumen matter intake per kg metabolic weight and feed protected Lysine and Methionine in Jaffrabadi heifers conversion ratio (DMI/kg body weight gain).
[12].Contrary to present findings, the effect of bypass Authors' contributions fat supplementation on growth and nutrient utilization in calves reported improved feed conversion ratio APG carried out experiment.DKP, JAC and MDO did

Table - 1
. Percent average composition of feed and fodder (on DM basis) fed to the experimental heifers

Table - 2
. Body weight and biometric changes of experimental heifers (n=5).Averages in the same row with different superscripts indicate a significant (P<0.05)difference.SEM-Standard error of mean, C.D.-Critical difference, P0 -Initial values at begining of the experiment, P1 -Values at the end of first fifteen days and P7 -Final values at the end of the experiment, NS-non significantTable-3.Dry matter intake and feed conversion efficiency of experimental heifers (n=5).
* * All the values are average of 105 days.DMI-Dry matter intake, FCR-Feed conversion ratio, B.Wt.-Body weight, W -Metabolic weight, SEM-Standerd error of means, C.D.-Critical difference