Comparative anatomical study on infundibulum of Pati and Chara-Chemballi ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos domesticus ) during laying periods

Aim: The present investigation was undertaken to establish anatomical norms on gross anatomical, histomorphological and histochemical parameters of infundibulum of Pati and Chara-Chemballi ducks. Materials and Methods: In the present investigation, 12 (twelve) each Pati and Chara-Chemballi ducks in their laying period (42 weeks age) were utilized. Results: The mean length, breadth, thickness and weight of infundibulum were significantly higher in Chara-Chemballi duck than Pati duck. Though most of the histological parameters are almost similar, but the mean height of lamina epithelialis mucosae was significantly higher in Chara-Chemballi duck (30.234±0.389 μm) than in Pati duck (23.906±0.332 μm). PAS reaction was moderate at apical part of lining epithelium in Chara-Chemballi duck whereas the same is weak in Pati duck. Conclusion: Result obtained showed that the Chara-Chemballi duck revealed significant difference in all the parameters as compared to Pati duck.


Introduction
Therefore, in the present investigation, it was envisaged to study the gross, histology and histo-Duck husbandry plays an important role in the chemistry (PAS) of infundibulum of Pati and Charasocio-economic upliftment of the rural poor of Assam Chemballi duck during laying periods.and other states located in the coastal regions of India.It is one of the most important domesticated species of

poultry next to chicken primarily reared for table egg
Ethical approval: The prior approval from the production in India.The peculiar agro-climatic condition Institutional Animal Ethical Committee was obtained with marshy and waterlogged areas prevailing throughout for use of the animals in this study.the state provides a very congenial environment for rearing ducks in Assam.Duck husbandry provides an Experimental design: In the present investigation, 12 additional source of income to the rural women folk of (twelve) each Pati and Chara-Chemballi ducks in their these states.The 'Pati' duck population constitutes a laying period (42 weeks age) were utilized.The Pati major indigenous non-descript duck variety in the state and Chara-Chemballi ducks were procured from of Assam and annual egg production per duck is 70-95 Pathsala locality of Barpeta district and State Institute eggs [1].However, Chara-Chemballi duck is an and Rural Development, Khanapara, Guwahati respecindigenous variety of Kerala but their production tively.The infundibulums were collected immediately performance did not differ significantly and annual egg after sacrifice as per the standard method [8] and gross production per duck was 181.3 with an average egg studies were made on it.After slaughter, the location weight of 71.6±2.38 g at 72 weeks of age under free and relative topographic in-situ position of the infundirange condition of Assam [2].bulum were recorded.The infundibulums were taken Infundibulum plays an important role in capturing out from the body of birds and weights of infundibulum and transferring of ovum and formation of chalazae [3].
were recorded with the help of electronic pan balance.

Although research works have been conducted on the
The gross anatomical characteristics of infundibulum infundibulum part of the oviduct in domestic fowl [4, were studied and the different biometrical measure-5, 6, 7] , literature regarding the infundibulum of Pati ments viz., the length, breadth and thickness of infundiand Chara-Chemballi ducks during laying periods is bulum were recorded by Verniercallipers [9].For found to be very scanty.
histological, histochemical and micrometrical study infundibulum were collected from of 42 weeks age of Pati and Chara-Chemballi ducks.The tissue samples were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin.Then tissues were processed for Paraffin embedding method.
Paraffin sections were cut in five micron thickness and infundibulum were 5.28±0.01cm, 0.70±0.02cm, 0.45 stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin method for ± 0.03 cm and 0.79±0.02g respectively in Pati ducks.histomorphological study, Van Gieson's method for Corresponding values for the Chara-Chemballi ducks collagen fibre, Gomori's method for reticular fibre, were 7.84±0.23cm, 0.95±0.00cm and 0.56±0.01cm Hart's method for elastic fibre, Bielschowsky's method and 1.20±0.07g (Table -1 This finding was corrobo-Emu.The tubular part of infundibulum was connected rated with the finding of Lucy and Harshan [24] in to the magnum by a constricted junction.In present Japanese quail.This layer contained large amount of study the mean length, breadth, thickness and weight of   These might be due to more amount of glycogen in to Pati duck.These results were corroborated with infundibulum of Chara-Chemballi duck than Pati duck.Geetha et al. [26] in Japanese quail.The mean height of

Conclusion lamina epithelialis mucosae was significantly higher in
The results from the present study suggests that Chara-Chemballi duck 30.234±0.389µm than Pati grossly the infundibulum of Pati and Chara-Chemballi duck was 23.906±0.332µm (Table-1).Khokhlov [17] ducks consisted of a wide funnel shaped membranous reported that the height of lamina epithelialis mucosae part and a short tubular part.The wide funnel part to be 12.9±0.8µm in hens at 150 days of age.These opened immediately caudal to the ovary and had no might be due to size and age of the birds.However, direct attachment to the ovary.All the parameters like Mohammadpour and Keshtmandi [27] found that the length, breadth, thickness and weight of infundibulum length of mucosal fold of infundibulum in pigeon was ). Contrary to the present for axis cylinder and dendrites and Mc.Manus method findings, Romanoff and Romanoff [16] recorded the for glycogen[10].After staining, histological characlength of infundibulum in laying hen to be 7 cm while teristics of infundibulum were recorded.Different Khokhlov [17] marked that its length and weight was micrometrical parameters were recorded on Hemato-9.7±0.8 cm and 1.0±0.3g respectively in sexually xylin and Eosin stained section by means of standard matured hen.However, Parto et al.[18]  reported that method of micrometry using Nikon E 200 camera the length of infundibulum was 7 cm in laying turkey.mounted microscope and Image Pro Express Ver-2.0Thesemight be due to difference in size and age of the Software.birds.Histologically, the tunica mucosa of infundibulum Statistical analysis: The data were analyzed as per 't' of both Pati and Chara-chemballi duck was highly test method described by Snedecor and Cochran[11].foldedand numerous slender folds extended towardsResults and Discussionthe lumen of infundibulum.The folds were of three types viz., primary, secondary and tertiary types In the current study, the gross anatomical (Figure-3 and Figure-4).Similar finding were also relationship and length, breadth, thickness and wieght reported by Bacha and Bacha [19] in fowl.The lamina of infundibulum of Pati and Chara-chemballi ducks epithelialis mucosae of infundibulum consisted of were recorded.The infundibulum of Pati and Charasimple ciliated columnar with some goblet cells in both Chemballi duck consisted of a wide funnel shaped Pati and Chara-Chemballi ducks.These results were in membranous part and a short tubular part.The wide accordance with the findings of Moraes et al. [20] in funnel part opened immediately caudal to the ovary Ana Bochas female ducks, Mehta and Guha [21] in and had no direct attachment to the ovary (Figure-1 and laying hen, Patki et al. [22] in Kuttanad duck and Figure-2).The demarcation was in consonance to the Mirhish and Nsaif [23] in turkey hen.Lamina propriafinding of Fujii [12] in fowl, Saber et al. [13] in ostrich, submucosa contained areolar connective tissue with Sharaf et al. [14] in ostrich, Balasundaram et al. [15] in branched tubular glands.

Table - 1
: Average of various traits of infundibulum of Pati and Chara-Chemballi ducks along with the results of 't' test.