Biochemical Changes following Electro-acupuncture and Static Magnetic Field Therapy in Rabbits for Bone Defect Healing

(2014) Biochemical changes following electro-acupuncture and static magnetic field therapy in rabbits for bone defect healing, Veterinary World 7(2): 83-86. Introduction increase circulation and lymphatic drainage around the affected area and thus plays an important role in A variety of biological, mechanical and physical postoperative fracture management [10,11]. interventions have been developed to enhance healing The aim of the current study was to investigate the of fractures. Pulsed magnetic field therapy (PMF) has beneficial effects of SMF and EA in healing bone been used to treat various conditions such as defects. inflammation, osteoarthritis, soft-tissue injuries, chronic pelvic pain and tendonitis. PMF therapy has Materials and Methods also been reported to be useful for nerve regeneration, In the present study, 18 New Zealand White adult healing of osseous defects, bone grafts and fractures, rabbits of both sexes, 6-8 months old, clinically prevention of osteoporosis [1] and increased healthy, average weight 1-1.3 kg were used. Eight mineralization [2]. Animal experiments have shown hours prior to surgical procedures, animals were only that long-term local static magnetic field (SMF) provided with access to water but feed was withheld. stimulation also increases bone strength [3] and bone All the animals were maintained under similar housing healing process [4]. SMF has also been shown to have a and feeding conditions. stimulatory effect on regional blood flow to the extremities [1], enhances osteoblastic maturation by Ethical approval: Use of the animals in experimental up-regulating local factors [5], reduces inflammation procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal by constricting capillaries [6] and also reduces the pain Ethics Committee. perception due to removal of the toxic byproduct of Surgical procedure: Animals were first injected with inflammation such as bradykinins and prostaglandin xylazine (6 mg/kg body weight), 10 minutes later [7]. Electro acupuncture (EA) therapy has also been ketamine (60 mg/kg body weight) was given used in recent years for the control of pain by intramuscularly for induction of anesthesia [12]. enhancing the secretion of endorphin in the plasma and Approximately 2 mm bone defect was created at mid central nervous system [8]. In addition to reducing pain shaft of right radius. Adequate stability was achieved and increasing ambulation [9], acupuncture appears to by leaving the ulna intact without any fixation of the radius. The muscle and subcutaneous tissue were closed over using 4/0 absorbable catgut sutures and skin was sutured using 3-0 nylon with horizontal Abstract Aim: To evaluate …


Introduction
increase circulation and lymphatic drainage around the affected area and thus plays an important role in A variety of biological, mechanical and physical postoperative fracture management [10,11].

interventions have been developed to enhance healing
The aim of the current study was to investigate the of fractures.Pulsed magnetic field therapy (PMF) has beneficial effects of SMF and EA in healing bone been used to treat various conditions such as defects.inflammation, osteoarthritis, soft-tissue injuries, chronic pelvic pain and tendonitis.PMF therapy has Materials and Methods also been reported to be useful for nerve regeneration, In the present study, 18 New Zealand White adult healing of osseous defects, bone grafts and fractures, rabbits of both sexes, 6-8 months old, clinically prevention of osteoporosis [1] and increased healthy, average weight 1-1.3 kg were used.Eight mineralization [2].Animal experiments have shown hours prior to surgical procedures, animals were only that long-term local static magnetic field (SMF) provided with access to water but feed was withheld.stimulation also increases bone strength [3] and bone All the animals were maintained under similar housing healing process [4].SMF has also been shown to have a and feeding conditions.stimulatory effect on regional blood flow to the extremities [1], enhances osteoblastic maturation by Ethical approval: Use of the animals in experimental up-regulating local factors [5], reduces inflammation procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal by constricting capillaries [6] and also reduces the pain Ethics Committee.perception due to removal of the toxic byproduct of Surgical procedure: Animals were first injected with inflammation such as bradykinins and prostaglandin xylazine (6 mg/kg body weight), 10 minutes later [7].Electro acupuncture (EA) therapy has also been ketamine (60 mg/kg body weight) was given used in recent years for the control of pain by intramuscularly for induction of anesthesia [12].enhancing the secretion of endorphin in the plasma and Approximately 2 mm bone defect was created at mid central nervous system [8].In addition to reducing pain shaft of right radius.Adequate stability was achieved and increasing ambulation [9], acupuncture appears to by leaving the ulna intact without any fixation of the radius.The muscle and subcutaneous tissue were closed over using 4/0 absorbable catgut sutures and skin was sutured using 3-0 nylon with horizontal mattress suture pattern.Postoperatively, all the animals In group B, calcium levels decreased significantly th were given intramuscular administration of cefotaxim (P<0.05) up to the 15 day which was possibly due to (50 mg/kg) and meloxicam (0.5mg/kg) body weight, increased rate of osteogenesis [15].The level then th once a day for 3 days.The animals were randomly increased significantly (P<0.05)till the 60 day.This divided in three equal groups.
elevated serum calcium level might be due to high T3, rd th The animals in the group A did not receive any T4 and TSH levels during 3 or 4 week [16].physiotherapy and served as control group.Group B Serum phosphorus: In animals of groups A and B, animals were treated with the EA given at acupoints LIth phosphorus levels were significantly higher on the 30 4, LI-11, GB-39 and ST-36 using 50 Hz and 3-10 mA day and subsequently returned towards the baseline DD current for 10 min on alternate days till day 15.value.Animals in group C showed significant increase Animals of group C were subjected to SMF therapy th in phosphorus levels up to the 15 day and later decreased with two bipolar permanent magnet bars (each of 700th up to 60 day but remained significantly higher than the 1000 gauss strength), incorporated in splint bandage baseline value (Table -2).All the values were within the applied on the area with the north and south poles in normal physiological limits.These results are in opposite direction of each other.Therapy was given agreement with the findings of Paskalev [17].continuously till day 15, except while administering the radiographic procedure (i.e.20 -30 min).To assess Serum alkaline phosphatase: In group A, the mean serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, value of ALP showed non-significant increasing trend plasma cortisol and lipid per-oxidation, blood samples th (P>0.05) up to 30 day and thereafter it decreased were collected from animals on the day of surgery (day th th th th th significantly (P<0.05)till the 60 day.In the animals of 0) and at 7 , 15 , 30 and 60 day time points.group B, alkaline phosphatase showed a significantly th th Statistical analysis: Data were subjected to statistical higher value on 15 day and a decrease on 30 day analysis by using one way analysis of variance which was significantly (P<0.05)higher as compared (ANOVA), followed by Duncan test, using SPSS 17.0 to the baseline value (Table -3).These observations version.The level of statistical significance for all were in agreement with the earlier findings [18].In compression was established at P<0.05. group C, ALP levels showed a significantly (P<0.05)th increasing trend up to the 15 day and thereafter it

Results and Discussion
showed a decreasing trend but remained significantly Serum calcium: In groups A and C, a non-significant (P<0.05)higher than the baseline value.SMF decrease (P>0.05) in serum calcium was recorded up to stimulates bone formation by promoting osteoblast th the 7 day, and thereafter the values increased nondifferentiation and/or activation due to significant significantly till the end of the study period (Table-1), increase in the two bone markers alkaline phosphatase this was probably due to increased intestinal absorption and osteocalcin [19].[13].Serum calcium levels have been shown to have a Plasma cortisol: In the animals of groups A, cortisol non-significant decrease up to 4 weeks followed by an th elevation after ulnar segmental defect in canines [14].
value increased significantly (P<0.05) up to the 15

Table - 1
. Mean ± SE values of calcium (mg/dl) in different groups at different intervals.Values in the same row without a common superscript lettesr a-e are significantly different (P < 0.05).Values in the same column without a common superscript letter A-E are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table - 2
. Mean ± SE values of phosphorus (mg/dl) in different groups at different intervals.

Table - 3
. Mean ± SE values of alkaline phosphatase (U/L) in different groups at different intervals.Values in the same row without a common superscript letter a-e are significantly different (P < 0.05) Values in the same column without a common superscript letter A-E are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table - 4
. Mean ± SE values of cortisol (µg/dl) in different groups at different intervals.Values in the same row without a common superscript letter a-e are significantly different (P < 0.05) Values in the same column without a common superscript letter A-E are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Table - 5
. Mean ± SE values of lipid peroxidation (nmol MDA/g Hb) in different groups at different intervals.Values in the same row without a common superscript letter a-e are significantly different (P < 0.05) Values in the same column without a common superscript letter A-E are significantly different (P < 0.05).