Studies on Acute Toxicity of Synthetic Pyrethroid -cyhalothrin on Freshwater Fish Labeo Rohita 1 1 1 2 Sr. No. Probability 95% Confidence Limits for Cyhalothrin Concentrations Estimate Lower Bound Upper Bound

Introduction production in India, last decade [6]. Information regarding the 96 hrs LC toxicity of λ-cyhalothrin in 50 Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides are structural Labeo rohita has not been reported till date. Hence, the analogue of pyrethrins which are insecticidal compounds present study was undertaken to determine the acute obtained from plants such as Chrysanthemum toxicity of λ-cyhalothrin in Labeo rohita fingerlings cinerariaefolium and Chrysanthemum cineum [1]. using static renewable bioassay. These compounds contribute around 30% of global consumption of pesticides in agriculture [2]. The Materials and Methods synthetic pyrethroids used for agricultural purpose can Ethical approval: The experimental protocol was contaminate the water bodies during rainy season and approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics were detected ranging from 0.100-1.000µg/l in rain Committee (IAEC). water collected from Hisar, India [3]. λ-cyhalothrin is one of the synthetic pyrethroid commercially available OECD Guidelines: 96 hrs LC of λ-cyhalothrin was 50 under different brand names such as Warrior, Karate, determined as per the guidelines of Organization for Matador etc. The 96 hrs LC of λ-cyhalothrin in 50 Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) mosquito fish was 1.107 ug/L [4], under laboratory 203 except the loading density which was higher than conditions. On rice field normal application of this the recommended density 1.0 g/l to reduce the insecticide resulted in 100% mortality of mosquito fish chemical loss. [5]. Therefore it is important to know the acute toxicity Chemicals used: Analytical grade λ-cyhalothrin, of this compound in freshwater fish. Labeo rohita an obtained from Sigma–Aldrich, USA. Analytical grade Indian major carp is one of the most preferable acetone and potassium permanganate obtained from freshwater fish contributing about 35% of the total carp Abstract Aim : To study the acute toxicity of λ-cyhalothrin in freshwater fish Labeo rohita by determining the 96 hours lethal concentration 50 (96 hrs LC) and behavioural patterns of exposed fish. 50 Materials and Methods: A total 270 fingerling size fish were used to determine the 96 hours lethal concentration 50 (96 hrs LC) of λ-cyhalothrin as per the guideline of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 203 except 50 the loading density which was higher than the recommended density 1.0 g/l to reduce the chemical loss. The fingerlings were brought from the local fish hatchery, disinfected and acclimatized for 14 days in laboratory conditions. 60 fingerlings, 10 each were divided into six plastic tubs of 35 L capacity with 0 ug/L (control), …


Introduction
production in India, last decade [6].Information regarding the 96 hrs LC toxicity of λ-cyhalothrin in 50 Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides are structural Labeo rohita has not been reported till date.Hence, the analogue of pyrethrins which are insecticidal compounds present study was undertaken to determine the acute obtained from plants such as Chrysanthemum toxicity of λ-cyhalothrin in Labeo rohita fingerlings cinerariaefolium and Chrysanthemum cineum [1].
using static renewable bioassay.These compounds contribute around 30% of global consumption of pesticides in agriculture [2].The

synthetic pyrethroids used for agricultural purpose can
Ethical approval: The experimental protocol was contaminate the water bodies during rainy season and approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics were detected ranging from 0.100-1.000µg/l in rain Committee (IAEC).water collected from Hisar, India [3].λ-cyhalothrin is one of the synthetic pyrethroid commercially available OECD Guidelines: 96 hrs LC of λ-cyhalothrin was 50 under different brand names such as Warrior, Karate, determined as per the guidelines of Organization for Matador etc.The 96 hrs LC of λ-cyhalothrin in 50 Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) mosquito fish was 1.107 ug/L [4], under laboratory 203 except the loading density which was higher than conditions.On rice field normal application of this the recommended density 1.0 g/l to reduce the insecticide resulted in 100% mortality of mosquito fish chemical loss.[5].Therefore it is important to know the acute toxicity Chemicals used: Analytical grade λ-cyhalothrin, of this compound in freshwater fish.Labeo rohita an obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.Analytical grade Indian major carp is one of the most preferable acetone and potassium permanganate obtained from freshwater fish contributing about 35% of the total carp SD Fine-Chem, Mumbai, India.
Punjab.observed after 96 hrs were subject to probit analysis Pre-treatment and acclimatization: The fish were using computerized program SPSS 16.0 Inc.USA to treated with 500 mg/L potassium permanganate for one determine 96 hrs LC along with confidential limits 50 minute to reduce the microbial load, if any, on arrival in (upper and lower).laboratory.The fish were fed with commercially

Results
available feed @ 2 % of initial biomass twice a day The water quality parameters during the experiment during the period of acclimatization for fourteen days, were as follows: pH (7.36 ± 0.07), temperature (28.57± in 300 litre capacity plastic water tank with continuous 0 supply of air from compressors.The light and dark 0.55 C), total hardness (284.12 ± 3.13 mg/l) and total periods of 12 hrs each were maintained during the alkalinity (281 ± 4.25 mg/l) and dissolved oxygen (8.4 experiment. ± 0.34 mg/l) during the experiment.10 % and 100 % mortality was observed at 1 and 5 ug/L (Table -1).The Experimental procedure: Feeding was stopped 24 hrs doses for the static renewable bioassay were chosen on before the commencement of the toxicity test to reduce the basis of this result.Two doses below and two above the organic load and no feed was given to fish during mean dose of probable 50 % mortality (i.e.2.5 ug/L) range finding and static renewable bioassays.The were selected.The results of static renewable bioassay review of literature revealed the acute toxicity of λafter 96 hrs revealed 30% to 40% at 2.5 ug/L while 50 to cyhalothrin ranges from 0.1 to 10 ug/L in different fish 60% mortality at 3 ug/L ( Treatment groups included 0.1 ug/L, 1ug/L, 5 ug/L and first set was 2.609 ug/L while others set were 2.874 10 ug/L of λ-cyhalothrin in water.To keep the chemical ug/L and 2.697 ug/L (Table -3).The mean of these three concentration constant, water was changed every 24 value 2.72 ug/L was taken as the true 96 hrs LC of λ-50 hrs.Five concentrations within the acute toxicity range cyhalothrin in Labeo rohita fingerlings.The i.e. 2 ug/L, 2.5 ug/L, 3 ug/L, 3.5 ug/L and 4 ug/L as per behavioural changes significantly increased in range finding assay were chosen to calculate 96 hrs exposed fish as compared to control fish in dose LC of λ-cyhalothrin.The experiment was conducted 50 dependent manner during the experiment.These three times along with 4.0 ug/L of acetone only as changes included erratic swimming, loss of balance, vehicle control and normal control.The water quality surfacing and convulsions.was determined as per the standard protocols [7].Every water tank was supplied with continuous aeration.

Discussion
Aeration was stopped only during water exchange and λ-cyhalothrin is highly toxic to many fish and dosing.Mortality was recorded for every 24 hrs till 96 aquatic invertebrate species [8].The findings of the hrs.The behavioural patterns of exposed fish were experiment were congruent with the report of 96 hrs observed at initial 1-5 hrs followed by every 12 hrs LC of λ-cyhalothrin in Clarias batrachus as 5 ug/L 50 throughout the experiments and compared with control and behavioural changes during the acute exposure fish.
such as change in color of skin, hyperactivity, loss of Statistical analysis: The mortality percentage values balance, rapid swimming, increased surfacing activity, enhanced rate of opercular activity, as well as experiment.All authors read and approved the final prominent rates of convulsions in fish in a dose manuscript.dependant manner [9].