Isolation and characterization of avian coronavirus from healthy Eclectus parrots (Eclectus roratus) from Indonesia

Vet World Vol.12 November-2019 Article-16

Research Article

Veterinary World, 12(11): 1797-1805

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1797-1805

G. K. Suryaman¹, R. D. Soejoedono², A. Setiyono¹, O. N. Poetri², and E. Handharyani¹

1. Department of Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
2. Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: Avian coronavirus has a wide range of hosts, from chickens and turkeys to wild birds. This virus causes an economically and, possibly, environmentally, important loss in the poultry industry. Therefore, research into the avian coronavirus in various species of birds is required. The Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) is an endemic bird to Indonesia and Northern Australia and often kept as pets. At present, there has been limited information about avian coronavirus infection among birds. This study aimed to determine the presence of and to characterize avian coronavirus isolated from Eclectus parrots in Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: Cloacal swab samples were taken from 10 healthy Eclectus parrots (E. roratus). Each isolate was propagated into specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs. The presence of avian coronavirus was determined using three sets of primers targeting the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of avian coronavirus (UTR41+/11–), the N gene of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBVN+/–), and the S1 gene of the IBV (XCE2+/XCE2–). The infectious bronchitis vaccine strain H120 was used as a positive control. Resulting positive bands were sequenced for the S1 gene.

Results: None of the isolates was positive for the 3'-UTR, four isolates were positive for the N gene of infectious bronchitis, and two isolates were positive for the S1 gene of the IBV. However, only one isolate (parrot/Indonesia/BX9/16) was sequenced for the partial S1 gene with primers XCE2+/XCE2–. The partial nucleotide sequence of this isolate showed 100% homology with the IBV GI-13 lineage, specifically with a field isolate of the 4/91 variant 1 Israel and the 4/91 vaccine on the hypervariable region 3 site of the S1 gene.

Conclusion: An IB-like avian coronavirus was isolated from healthy Eclectus parrots. Our results indicate that IBV has a wide range of hosts, which prompt the need to understand the interspecies connection of this virus better. Keywords: Avian coronavirus, Eclectus parrot, Infectious bronchitis.

Keywords: Avian coronavirus, Eclectus parrot, Infectious bronchitis.

How to cite this article: Suryaman GK, Soejoedono RD, Setiyono A, Poetri ON, Handharyani E (2019) Isolation and characterization of avian coronavirus from healthy Eclectus parrots (Eclectus roratus) from Indonesia, Veterinary World, 12(11): 1797-1805.

Received: 10-05-2019 Accepted: 09-10-2019 Published online: 19-11-2019

Corresponding author: E. Handharyani E-mail: ekowatieko@apps.ipb.ac.id

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1797-1805

Copyright: Suryaman, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.