Effect of mangrove leaf extract (Acanthus ilicifolius) on non-specific immune status and vibriosis resistance of black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) challenged with Vibrio harveyi

Vet World Vol.14 August-2021 Article-39

Research Article

Veterinary World, 14(8): 2282-2289

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2282-2289

Gina Saptiani^1,2, Slamet Budi Prayitno³, and Sari Anggarawati⁴

1. Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75119, Indonesia.
2. Research Center for Natural Products from Tropical Rainforest (PUI-PT OKTAL), Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75119, Indonesia.
3. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia.
4. Study Program of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Nusa Bangsa University, Bogor 16166, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: There has been continuous effort to search for alternative medicinal plants that are applicable to ameliorate viral disease on shrimp pond. This study aimed to examine the effect of Acanthus ilicifolius leaf extract on clinical symptoms and non-specific immune response of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).

Materials and Methods: A total of 330 shrimps were equally assigned into three extract forms (crude extract, ethyl acetate extract, and n-butanol extract, respectively) in which three levels were provided for each extract. Negative control (without leaf extract) and positive control (with oxytetracycline at 0.05 mg/mL) were used, giving a total of 11 experimental treatments.

Results: The results showed that shrimps induced into all form of leaf extracts had significantly higher survival rates, clinical symptoms, and pathological anatomy than those negative control (C–) and positive control (C+). Total hemocyte cells, granulocytes, percentage of phagocytic, and prophenoloxidase activity were similar among leaf extract treatments (p>0.05), but those groups were significantly higher than those of C– and C+ (p<0.05).

Conclusion: n-butanol leaf extract at 300 mg/L is suggested to be the most effective treatment since it showed the highest efficacy on the parameters observed. Thus, it is possible to use the leaf extract of A. ilicifolius on-farm as a strategy to enhance bacterial disease resistance and prevent mortality. Keywords: Acanthus ilicifolius, herbal plant extract, immunity, Penaeus monodon.

Keywords: Acanthus ilicifolius, herbal plant extract, immunity, Penaeus monodon.

How to cite this article: Saptiani G, Prayitno SB, Anggarawati S (2021) Effect of mangrove leaf extract (Acanthus ilicifolius) on non-specific immune status and vibriosis resistance of black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) challenged with Vibrio harveyi, Veterinary World, 14(8): 2282-2289.

Received: 24-04-2021 Accepted: 22-07-2021 Published online: 31-08-2021

Corresponding author: Gina Saptiani E-mail: gina_saptiani@yahoo.com

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2282-2289

Copyright: Saptiani, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.