The therapeutic potential of the novel angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the treatment of coronavirus disease-19

Vet World Vol.14 October-2021 Article-18

Review Article

Veterinary World, 14(10): 2705-2713

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2705-2713

Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi¹, Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade¹, Yapo Guillaume Aboua², Idayat Titilayo Gbadamosi³, Aduragbenro Deborah A. Adedapo⁴, Abimbola Obemisola Aro⁵, Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi⁶, Emma Thamahane-Katengua⁷, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale⁸, Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi⁹, Taiwo Olaide Oyagbemi¹⁰, Blessing Seun Ogunpolu⁸, Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan¹, Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi⁹, Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies¹, Adebowale Benard Saba⁹, Adeolu Alex Adedapo⁹, Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng¹¹, Lyndy Joy McGaw¹¹, Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo⁵, Momoh Audu Yakubu¹², and Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju¹³

1. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
2. Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 13388, Namibia.
3. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
4. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
5. Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa.
6. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
7. Department of Health Information Management, Botho University, Faculty of Health and Education, Botswana.
8. Department of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
9. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
10. Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
11. Department of Paraclinical Science, Phytomedicine Programme, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
12. Department of Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA.
13. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa.

Background and Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus has become a global pandemic with unprecedented mortality and morbidity along with attendant financial and economic crises. Furthermore, COVID-19 can easily be transmitted regardless of religion, race, sex, or status. Globally, high hospitalization rates of COVID-19 patients have been reported, and billions of dollars have been spent to contain the pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a receptor of SARS-CoV-2, which has a significant role in the entry of the virus into the host cell. ACE2 is highly expressed in the type II alveolar cells of the lungs, upper esophagus, stratified epithelial cells, and other tissues in the body. The diminished expressions of ACE2 have been associated with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and immune system dysregulation. Overall, the potential drug candidates that could serve as ACE2 activators or enhance the expression of ACE2 in a disease state, such as COVID-19, hold considerable promise in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reviews the therapeutic potential and pharmacological benefits of the novel ACE2 in the management of COVID-19 using search engines, such as Google, Scopus, PubMed, and PubMed Central.

Keywords: Renin-angiotensin system, COVID-19, hypertension, lung injury, ACE2, SARS-CoV-2.

How to cite this article: Oyagbemi AA, Ajibade TO, Aboua YG, Gbadamosi IT, Adedapo ADA, Aro AO, Adejumobi OA, Thamahane-Katengua E, Omobowale TO, Falayi OO, Oyagbemi TO, Ogunpolu BS, Hassan FO, Ogunmiluyi IO, Ola-Davies OE, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Nkadimeng SM, McGaw LJ, Kayoka- Kabongo PN, Yakubu MA, Oguntibeju OO (2021) The therapeutic potential of the novel angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the treatment of coronavirus disease-19, Veterinary World, 14(10): 2705-2713.

Received: 06-02-2021 Accepted: 13-09-2021 Published online: 23-10-2021

Corresponding author: Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju E-mail: oguntibejuo@cput.ac.za

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2705-2713

Copyright: Oyagbemi, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.