The impact of farm practices and wild carriers on white spot disease in marine shrimp in Rayong Province, Thailand

Vet World Vol.16 January-2023 Article-13

Research Article

Veterinary World, 16(1): 111-117

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.111-117

Sompit Yaemkasem¹, Jiraporn Promchairat², Pinchakorn Srithongkhum¹, Napawan Paungsroy¹, and Chaithep Poolkhet³

1. Rayong Coastal Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Rayong, 21000, Thailand.
2. Petchabun Inland Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Petchabun, 67000, Thailand.
3. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.

Background and Aim: White spot disease (WSD) is a highly lethal and contagious viral disease in marine shrimp caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). White spot disease impacts the worldwide crustacean aquaculture sector, including Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the effect of farm management practices and wild carriers on WSD occurrence in grow-out marine shrimp farms in Rayong Province, Thailand.

Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted using a structured questionnaire from June 2018 to June 2020. A total of 186 questionnaires for 186 ponds were collected from 15 shrimp farms. Univariate and multivariable analyses using generalized estimating equations were used to determine the risk factors associated with WSD. In addition, possible carrier samples (wild shrimp and wild crabs) were collected inside and outside farms to test for the presence of WSSV.

Results: Direct discharge of treated wastewater into farm ponds was statistically significant in the final model (p < 0.01), with an odd ratio (OR) factor of 0.097 (95% confidence interval [CI] of OR = 0.007–0.242). Pooled sampling for WSSV in wild shrimp and crabs showed that 48 out of 936 (5.13%) samples tested positive for WSD using nested polymerase chain reaction. The samples from banana shrimp, jinga shrimp, banded snapping shrimp, dwarf prawn, whiteleg shrimp, green tidal crabs, and mangrove crabs tested positive.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, we infer that the environment plays an important role in the spread of this disease. The results of this study will provide insights into the effective planning of disease control. Keywords: disease carrier, farm practices, water management, white spot disease.

Keywords: disease carrier, farm practices, water management, white spot disease.

How to cite this article: Yaemkasem S, Promchairat J, Srithongkhum P, Paungsroy N, and Poolkhet C (2023) The impact of farm practices and wild carriers on white spot disease in marine shrimp in Rayong Province, Thailand, Veterinary World, 16(1): 111–117.

Received: 19-08-2022 Accepted: 14-12-2022 Published online: 16-01-2023

Corresponding author: Sompit Yaemkasem and Chaithep Poolkhet E-mail: syeamkasem@gmail.com and fvetctp@ku.ac.th

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.111-117

Copyright: Yaemkasem, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.