A review of dairy cattle heat stress mitigation in Indonesia

Vet World Vol.16 May-2023 Article-24

Review Article

Veterinary World, 16(5): 1098-1108

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.1098-1108

Santiananda Arta Asmarasari¹, Nurul Azizah¹, Sutikno Sutikno², Wisri Puastuti¹, Azhar Amir¹, Lisa Praharani¹, Supardi Rusdiana¹, Cecep Hidayat¹, Anita Hafid¹, Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum¹, Ferdy Saputra¹, Chalid Talib¹, Agustin Herliatika¹, Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy¹, and Sari Yanti Hayanti¹

1. Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia.
2. Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: Indonesia is a tropical country with a hot climate. In tropical nations such as Indonesia, heat stress is a key reason for the reduced productivity of dairy cattle. Heat stress is a combination of internal and external stimuli that affects an animal, raises its body temperature, and causes it to react physiologically. Most Indonesian dairy cattle are Friesian Holstein (FH), imported from European nations with a temperate environment with low temperatures in the range of 5°C–25°C. Indonesia has a tropical climate with a high ambient temperature that can reach 34°C during the day and the local relative humidity varies between 70% and 90%. Temperature and humidity are two microenvironment factors that may impact the production and heat release in FH cattle. More than 98% of the entire dairy cattle population in Indonesia is found on Java Island. On Java Island, there are between 534.22 and 543.55 thousand heads of cattle, while the dairy cattle population outside Java Island is just 6.59 thousand heads of cattle. The milk output climbs by an average of 3.34% per year, or approximately 909.64 thousand tons and the average annual growth in whole milk consumption was 0.19 L/capita. Indonesian cow milk output has been unable to keep pace with the country’s increasing demand. This study aimed to review the strategies to mitigate heat stress in FH dairy cattle in Indonesia.

Keywords: dairy cattle, heat stress, Indonesia, tropical country.

How to cite this article: Asmarasari SA, Azizah N, Sutikno S, Puastuti W, Amir A, Praharani L, Rusdiana S, Hidayat C, Hafid A, Kusumaningrum DA, Saputra F, Talib C, Herliatika A, Shiddieqy MI, and Hayanti SY (2023) A review of dairy cattle heat stress mitigation in Indonesia, Veterinary World, 16(5): 1098-1108.

Received: 03-02-2023 Accepted: 17-04-2023 Published online: 24-05-2023

Corresponding author: E-mail: santiananda19@gmail.com

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1098-1108

Copyright: Asmarasari, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.