Vet World Vol.17 March Article - 20
Review Article
Veterinary World, 17(3): 682-689
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.682-689
Impact of temperature on the virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae in Indonesian aquaculture: A better vaccine design is required
1 Research Center for Veterinary Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BRIN Soekarno Cibinong Bogor, 16911, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
2 The Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic Karawang, The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Indonesia.
3 Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.
4 Research Center for Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.
5 Main Center for Freshwater Aquaculture - The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. Selabintana No. 37, Selabatu, Kec. Cikole, Kota Sukabumi, Jawa Barat 43114, Indonesia.
6 Fish Quarantine, The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia.
7 ISEM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
Due to their poikilothermic nature, fish are very sensitive to changes in temperature. Due to climate change, the average global temperature has increased by 1.5°C in the last century, which may have caused an increase in farmed fish mortality recently. Predictions using the model estimate that a 1°C increase in temperature could cause 3%-4% and 4%-6% mortality due to infectious diseases in organisms living in warm and temperate waters, respectively. There is a need to determine whether there is a relationship between increasing environmental temperature and disease virulence. This review examines the influence and impact of increasing temperatures due to climate change on the physiology and pathogenicity of Streptococcus agalactiae, which causes streptococcosis in tilapia and causes significant economic losses. Changes in the pathogenicity of S. agalactiae, especially its virulence properties due to increasing temperature, require changes in the composition design of the fish vaccine formula to provide better protection through the production of protective antibodies.
Keywords: adaptation, microbes, pathogen, temperature, virulence.
How to cite this article: Lusiastuti AM, Suhermanto A, Hastilestari BR, Suryanto S, Mawardi M, Sugiani D, Syahidah D, Sudaryatma PE, and Caruso D (2024) Impact of temperature on the virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae in Indonesian aquaculture: A better vaccine design is required, Veterinary World, 17(3): 682-689.
Received: 03-12-2023 Accepted: 28-02-2024 Published online: 22-03-2024
Corresponding author: E-mail:
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.682-689
Copyright: Lusiastuti, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
