Invasion dynamics and ecological impacts of Anisakis typica in commercial fish from the Western Pacific Ocean

Vet World Vol.18 May-2025 Article - 28

Research Article

Veterinary World, 18(5): 1365-1376

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.1365-1376

Dhito Dwi Pramardika^1,2

, Fadjar Satrija³

, Sulistiono Sulistiono⁴

, Risa Tiuria³

, and Arifin Budiman Nugraha³

1. Veterinary Biomedical Sciences Study Program, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.

2. Department of Health, Nusa Utara State Polytechnic, Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi 95812, Indonesia.

3. Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.

4. Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: The Western Pacific Ocean hosts rich marine biodiversity, yet the parasitic infections affecting its commercial fish species remain underexplored. This study investigated the prevalence, intensity, morphological characteristics, molecular identity, and ecological impacts of Anisakis typica infection in commercial fish from this region.

Materials and Methods: Between January and April 2024, 178 fish samples from 12 commercial species were collected across three geographical clusters: Sangihe Island, Kahakitang Island, and Marore Island. Fish specimens were morphologically identified and dissected for parasite detection. Morphological identification of larvae was complemented by molecular characterization through polymerase chain reaction amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1–5.8S–ITS2 rDNA region, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Results: A. typica infection was observed in 10.7% of the fish sampled, with moderate infection intensity. Euthynnus affinis exhibited the highest prevalence (41.2%) and intensity (15.4). The intestinal wall was the dominant predilection site (96.3%). Molecular analyses confirmed A. typica infection in E. affinis, Katsuwonus pelamis, Decapterus kurroides, and Variola louti, with high genetic similarity (93.38%–100%) to isolates previously reported from China. Notably, this study provides the first documentation of A. typica infection in D. kurroides and V. louti.

Conclusion: This study highlights the ecological and zoonotic significance of A. typica infection in commercially important fish from the Western Pacific Ocean. The findings underscore the potential threats to marine ecosystem stability, fishery sustainability, and public health. High genetic proximity between A. typica isolates from Indonesia and China suggests historical host migrations, emphasizing the need for regional surveillance and integrated management strategies. Enhanced inspection practices and public awareness initiatives are crucial to mitigate the zoonotic risks posed by consuming infected fish.

Keywords: Anisakis typica, fisheries sustainability, marine fish, parasitology, Western Pacific Ocean, zoonosis.

How to cite this article: Pramardika DD, Satrija F, Sulistiono S, Tiuria R, and Nugraha AB (2025) Invasion dynamic and ecological impacts of Anisakis typica in commercial fish from the Western Pacific Ocean, Veterinary World, 18(5): 1365-1376.

Received: 22-12-2024 Accepted: 30-04-2025 Published online: 31-05-2025

Corresponding author: Fadjar Satrija E-mail: fadjar_s@apps.ipb.ac.id

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.1365-1376

Copyright: Pramardika, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.