Open Access
Research
(Published
online: 24-01-2017)
16.
Molecular identification and histopathological study of natural
Streptococcus agalactiae
infection in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus)
-
A. A. Laith,
Mohd Azmi Ambak, Marina Hassan, Shahreza Md. Sheriff,
Musa Nadirah, Ahmad Shuhaimi Draman,
Wahidah Wahab,
Wan Nurhafizah Wan Ibrahim,
Alia Syafiqah Aznan,
Amina Jabar
and Musa Najiah
Veterinary World, 10(1): 101-111
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2017.101-111
A. A. Laith:
School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute
of Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Mohd Azmi Ambak:
School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of
Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Marina Hassan:
School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of
Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Shahreza Md. Sheriff:
School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of
Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Musa Nadirah:
School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of
Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Ahmad Shuhaimi Draman:
Institute of Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Wahidah Wahab:
Institute of Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Wan Nurhafizah Wan Ibrahim:
School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Alia
Syafiqah Aznan:
School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Amina Jabar:
Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang University School of
Medicine, 866 YuHuaTang Lu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Musa Najiah:
School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of
Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Received: 19-07-2016, Accepted: 09-12-2016, Published online:
24-01-2017
Corresponding author:
Laith Abdul Razzak, e-mail: laith.abdul@umt.edu.my
Citation:
Laith AA, Ambak MA, Hassan M, Sheriff SM, Nadirah M, Draman AS,
Wahab W, Ibrahim WNW, Aznan AS, Jabar A, Najiah M (2017) Molecular
identification and histopathological study of natural
Streptococcus agalactiae infection in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus), Veterinary World, 10(1): 101-111.
Abstract
Aim:
The main objective of this study was to emphasize on
histopathological examinations and molecular identification of
Streptococcus agalactiae
isolated from natural infections in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus)
in Temerloh Pahang, Malaysia, as well as to determine the
susceptibility of the pathogen strains to various currently
available antimicrobial agents.
Materials and Methods:
The diseased fishes were observed for variable clinical signs
including fin hemorrhages, alterations in behavior associated with
erratic swimming, exophthalmia, and mortality. Tissue samples from
the eyes, brain, kidney, liver, and spleen were taken for
bacterial isolation. Identification of
S. agalactiae
was screened by biochemical methods and confirmed by VITEK 2 and
16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antibiogram profiling of the isolate
was tested against 18 standard antibiotics included nitrofurantoin,
flumequine, florfenicol, amoxylin, doxycycline, oleandomycin,
tetracycline, ampicillin, lincomycin, colistin sulfate, oxolinic
acid, novobiocin, spiramycin, erythromycin, fosfomycin, neomycin,
gentamycin, and polymyxin B. The histopathological analysis of
eyes, brain, liver, kidney, and spleen was observed for
abnormalities related to
S. agalactiae
infection.
Results:
The suspected colonies of
S. agalactiae
identified by biochemical methods was observed as Gram-positive
chained cocci, β-hemolytic, and non-motile. The isolate was
confirmed as
S. agalactiae
by VITEK 2 (99% similarity), reconfirmed by 16S rRNA gene
sequencing (99% similarity) and deposited in GenBank with
accession no. KT869025. The isolate was observed to be resistance
to neomycin and gentamicin. The most consistent gross findings
were marked hemorrhages, erosions of caudal fin, and exophthalmos.
Microscopic examination confirmed the presence of marked
congestion and infiltration of inflammatory cell in the eye,
brain, kidney, liver, and spleen. Eye samples showed damage of the
lens capsule, hyperemic an d hemorrhagic choroid tissue, and
retina hyperplasia accompanied with edema. Brain samples showed
perivascular and pericellular edema and hemorrhages of the
meninges. Kidney samples showed hemorrhage and thrombosis in the
glomeruli and tubules along with atrophy in hematopoietic tissue.
Liver samples showed congestion of the sinusoids and blood vessel,
thrombosis of portal blood vessel, and vacuolar (fatty)
degeneration of hepatocytes. Spleen samples showed large thrombus
in the splenic blood vessel, multifocal hemosiderin deposition,
congestion of blood vessels, and multifocal infiltration of
macrophages.
Conclusion:
Therefore, it can be concluded that pathological changes in
tissues and organs of fish occur proportionally to the pathogen
invasion, and because of their high resistance, neomycin and
gentamicin utilization in the prophylaxis or treatment of
S. agalactiae
infection should be avoided.
Keywords:
16S rDNA, antibiotic resistance, aquaculture, histopathological
examination, polymerase chain reaction,
Streptococcus agalactiae.
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