Open Access
Research (Published online: 24-11-2020)
28. Comparative safety and efficacy of two bivalent vaccines containing Newcastle disease LaSota and avian influenza H9N2 Sidrap isolate formulated with different oil adjuvants
Jossie Intan Cahyani, Sitarina Widyarini and Michael Haryadi Wibowo
Veterinary World, 13(11): 2493-2501

Jossie Intan Cahyani: Master Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No.2, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; Pusat Veteriner Farma (Central for Veterinary Biologics), Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Ahmad Yani No.68-70, Ketintang, Gayungan, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60231, Indonesia.
Sitarina Widyarini: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 2, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Michael Haryadi Wibowo: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 2, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.

doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2493-2501

Share this article on [Facebook] [LinkedIn]

Article history: Received: 13-06-2020, Accepted: 14-10-2020, Published online: 24-11-2020

Corresponding author: Michael Haryadi Wibowo

E-mail: mhwibowo@ugm.ac.id

Citation: Cahyani JI, Widyarini S, Wibowo MH (2020) Comparative safety and efficacy of two bivalent vaccines containing Newcastle disease LaSota and avian influenza H9N2 Sidrap isolate formulated with different oil adjuvants, Veterinary World, 13(11): 2493-2501.
Abstract

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) are two devastating diseases of poultry, which cause great economic losses to the poultry industry and disrupt food security in our country. The use of ND-AI inactive bivalent vaccine is very effective and economical to prevent and control ND and AI disease. Bivalent ND LaSota-AI H9N2 vaccine is not yet available in Indonesia. The inactivated vaccines used in poultry industry often require oil adjuvant to elicit a sufficient immune response. This study aimed to develop the bivalent inactive vaccines containing ND LaSota and AI H9N2 Sidrap isolate which are local isolates as poultry vaccine candidates, and formulated with two different commercial adjuvants, then compared.

Materials and Methods: Two vaccines bivalent were prepared by emulsifying inactivated Newcastle disease virus (LaSota strain) and AI H9N2 Sidrap isolate viruses with Marcol white mineral oil and Montanide ISA70 adjuvants. Both of bivalent vaccines were tested for safety (physical and histopathological at the injection site) and efficacy in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Parameters used for the evaluation of the efficacy were immunogenicity by hemagglutination inhibition and protection percentage.

Results: Both bivalent vaccines are safe to use. Post-vaccination (PV) immune response was observed using a hemagglutination inhibition test at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks of PV. The bivalent vaccine B gives a better immune response to ND at 2, 3, and 4 weeks of PV (p<0.05) compared to the bivalent vaccine A, but in 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks, the PV does not show differences in the immune response. The immune response to AI H9N2 showed differences at weeks 2 and 3 PV (p<0.05) with the bivalent vaccine B indicated higher immunity. A single immunization with both bivalent vaccines induces 100% protection in chickens that have been vaccinated against the deadly challenge with the virulent ND virus.

Conclusion: Both of bivalent vaccines are safe to use and provide good efficacy against virulent ND viruses, but bivalent vaccine B (with Montanide ISA70 adjuvant) shows better immune response than bivalent vaccine A (Marcol white mineral oil adjuvant).

Keywords: avian influenza H9N2 Sidrap isolate, bivalent vaccine Newcastle disease-avian influenza H9N2, Marcol, Montanide ISA70.