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              Review
              12. Pain management in veterinary 
              patients - H. S. Vedpathak, P. H. Tank, A. S. Karle, H. 
              K. Mahida, D.O. Joshi and M. A. Dhami
              Veterinary World 2(9):360-363
              
              
              
              
              
   
 
              
               
               
              
              
              
              Abstract
              
                
                The 
                veterinary practitioner has an ethical obligation to help 
                alleviate animal pain. Although most veterinarians accept the 
                fact that animals feel pain, still, postoperative pain relief is 
                not a routine practice in all veterinary hospitals and clinics 
                today. Nociception is 
                a physiological process which involves transduction, 
                transmission, modulation and perception of the noxious stimuli. 
                Chemical mediators are important components of the nociceptive reflex 
                and offer a target of pharmacologic modulation. Assessment of 
                pain in animals is the most important step in the successful 
                management of pain. Choosing appropriate method of pain control 
                would depend upon the type of procedure followed, severity of 
                pain and economic considerations for each individual 
                circumstance. Our understanding of the pain in its 
                manifestation, mechanisms, assessment and alleviation in animals 
                is still although improving, limited.
                
                Keywords: 
                Pain, Animal, Chemical Mediator, Nociception, 
                Management to Pain.