Veterinary World

ISSN (Online): 2231-0916
       
 

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August - 2010


Original Research

1.    Occurrence of Listeria species in meat, chicken products and human stools in Assiut city, Egypt with PCR use for rapid identification of Listeria monocytogenes - Ashraf Mohamed AbdEl-Malek, Sohaila Fathi Hassan Ali, Raafat Hassanein Moemen, Abdelazeem Mohamed, Khalid Ibrahim Elsayh
Vet World. 2010; 3(8): 353-359

 

The present research was conducted to check the presence of Listeria spp. in some meat and chicken products purchased from retail supermarkets in Assiut (Egypt). A total of 100 samples including 25 samples each of minced frozen beef, luncheon, frozen chicken legs and frozen chicken breast fillets were collected over a 7-month period between January and July 2009 and analyzed for the presence of Listeria spp. In addition, 28 stool cultures examined for Listeria spp. from hospitalized children resident in Assiut Pediatric University Hospital with diarrhea or fever. Out of the total 100 meat samples examined, Listeria spp. were detected in 8 (32%) of minced frozen beef, 8 (32%) of luncheon, 13 (52%) of frozen chicken leg and 14 (56%) of frozen chicken fillet samples analyzed, respectively. Regarding the examined 28 stool cultures from hospitalized children with underlying disease in Assiut Univ. hospital, 2 (7.14%) were found positive for Listeria spp. For identification of L. monocytogenes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two primers were selected to detect 217-pb fragment ofthe prfA (transcriptional activator of the virulence factor) gene for L. monocytogenes. 13 selected Listeria isolates displayed beta-haemolysis on sheep blood agar and positive CAMP test were further identified using PCR. PCR results showed that L. monocytogenes were confirmed in one of minced imported frozen meat examined, two of luncheon samples and two of frozen chicken legs with the total incidence of 5 isolates (5%) from the total 100 examined food samples. This suggests the presence of a significant public health hazard linked to the consumption of these meat and chicken products sold in Assiut city contaminated with L. monocytogenes. The public health significance of these pathogens as well as recommended sanitary measures was discussed.
Keywords: Listeria spp., Minced beef, Luncheon, Chicken meat, Human stool, PCR, Laboratory Technique.


» Abstract & References » PDF Fulltext» doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.353-359
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Original Research

2.    Survey of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in aborted Ovine and caprine fetuses by nested PCR in Borno state, Nigeria - J. Kamani., G.O.Egwu., A.U.Mani and Y.Bitros
Vet World. 2010; 3(8): 360-363


A study was designed to detect T.gondii DNA from tissues of aborted caprine and ovine fetuses by single tube nested PCR. A total of 327 tissues from 45 and 31 caprine and ovine aborted fetuses respectively were analyzed. Tissues analyzed were, 76 brains, 76 lungs, 70 livers, 65 hearts and 40 placentas. Approximately five grams of each tissue was finely chopped with a sterile scalpel blade and re-suspended in sterile distilled water. DNA extraction was conducted according to standard protocol. Two successive amplifications were performed in a single tube using 18S-5.8S rRNA ITS1 targeted primers in order to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the reaction and to minimize the chance of contamination. All samples analyzed were negative for T.gondii DNA. We conclude that the organism may not play important role in ovine and caprine abortions in the study area. Our next plan is to analyze tissues from the feline definitive host and rodents in the area in order to detect and sequence T.gondii DNA to enable us compare it to known clades.
Key words: Toxoplasma gondii, Abortion, Ovine, Caprine, nPCR, Nigeria.


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Original Research

3.    Assessment of Escherichia coli isolates for in vitro biofilm production - A. I. Dadawala, H. C. Chauhan,

B. S. Chandel, P. Ranaware, Sandip S Patel, Khushboo Singh, P. H. Rathod, N. M. Shah and H. N. Kher
Vet World. 2010; 3(8): 364-366


A total of 14 Escherichia coli isolates were assessed for their ability to produce biofilm in-vitro by slime production on Congo red agar medium (CRA) and microtitre plate assay. Out of 14 isolates tested, 12 were slime producing on CRA as indicated by black colonies. The isolates of E.coli varied in their ability to produce biofilm on the surface of microtitre plate ranging from 0.101 to 0.543 ODm. Out of 14 isolates tested, 10 were positive for biofilm production employing criterion of blank corrected ODs9s > 0.1. Two of slime negative isolated were also negative for biofilm production where as the two slime positive isolates were found to be negative for biofilm production.
Keywords: Biofilm, E.coli, Slime production, Microtitre plate assay, In vitro.


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Original Research

4.    Qualitative phytochemical screening of Hygrophila spinosa plant extract - S. Mandal, G. K. Dutta and S.Nath
Vet World. 2010; 3(8): 367-368

 

The present study was undertaken to find out the phytochemicals present in Hygrophila spinosa plant extract. Fresh leaves and aerial parts of botanically identified plant was collected and were processed for preparation of plant extract using specified technique. The plant extract was then subjected for different qualitative chemical tests to investigate the chemical profile of H. spinosa extracts. Analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and tannins in the extact as confirmed by implying different qualitative tests specified for these phytochemicals.
Keywords: Hygrophila spinosa, plan textract, phytochemicals


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Original Research

5.    Effect of dietary supplementation of Pulvis Curcuma Longa on the voluntary feed intake, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler rabbits under summer stress - M. Basavaraj,  V. Nagabhushana, N. Prakash, S. Mallikarjunappa, M. M. Appannavar and Prashanth Wagmare
Vet World. 2010; 3(8): 369-372

 

Eighteen four weeks’ old weaned Broiler rabbits of comparable body weights were allotted to three dietary treatment groups of six rabbits in each group namely T0 (basal control diet, T1 (basal diet added with Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Rhizoid Powder, TRP, at the ratio of 150mg) and T2 ( basal diet added with TRP at the ratio of 300mg/100g diet). Feeding cum growth trial and digestion trial were during summer months of April, May and June to study voluntary feed intake, growth rate and nutrient utilization by the experimental animals. TRP included in the diets of experimental groups consisting 6.72 % CP, 5.04% ether extract, 3.96% crude fibre, 7.85% total ash. Depression in voluntary feed intake due to summer stress did not alter due to the inclusion of turmeric powder. The weekly mean body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and digestibility of nutrients did not show significant difference by the supplementation of turmeric rhizome powder in the diets of rabbit in present study.
Keywords: Summer stress, Turmeric, Curcumin, Antioxidant, Rabbit, Nutrient, Digestibility, Growth performance.


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Original Research

6.    Role of polyherbal intrauterine infusion in treatment ofvarious reproductive disorders in cattle - K. Khillare, H. S. Birade, S. Maini and K. Ravikanth
Vet World. 2010; 3(8): 373-374


Post partum uterine function is often compromised in cattle by invasion of various pathogenic bacteria leading to severe economic loss of farm. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of polyherbal intrauterine infusion AV/RMI/45 in treatment of endometritis, metritis and repeat breeding in cattle. Among the two experimental groups were one healthy control (I) (n=10) and other treatment (II) group (n-20). Group II animals were subjected to treatment with polyherbal uterine infusion AV/RMI/45@25ml once a day for five days. Treated animals recovered successfully exhibiting estrus with transparent discharge. Animals found in estrus were inseminated and conception rate was recorded to be significantly (P≤0.05) higher (70%) in treatment than control group (40%). Polyherbal intrauterine infusion (AV/RMI/45) was found to be efficacious in treating gynecological disorders of endometritis repeat breeding, and metritis in cattle. The product was found to be safe for animal's usage without causing any irritation to intrauterine mucous membrane.
Key words: C onception, Endometritis, Estrus, Intrauterine, Polyherbal, Reproductive disorders.


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Original Research

7.    Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of IBV variant from out break of visceral gout in commercial broilers - Amit Gaba, Hanish Dave, J.K.Pal and K.S.Prajapati
Vet World. 2010; 3(8): 375-377


Kidney tissue samples of field outbreak of visceral gout in commercial broilers from Anand District of Gujarat, India were processed for virus isolation, identification and molecular characterization. Isolates produced typical embryo lesions of curling and stunting suggestive of infectious bronchitis after three passages. RT-PCR and sequence analysis was carried out from infected allantoic fluid. The nucleotide sequence was found to have 99% nucleotide sequence identity with avian infectious bronchitis virus strain 4/91(pathogenic). Phylogenetic analysis using Clustal W program, the virus was found to group with 793/B and 4/91 strain of viruses.
Keywords: Molecular, Virus, Commercial Broiler, Visceral Gout, Outbreak, Mortality.


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Case Report

8.    Treatment of compound fracture of tibia in dog using circular external skeletal fixator (CEF) - D. K. Dwivedi and Mahesh Kumar
Vet World. 2010; 3(8): 378-379

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Case Report

9.    Surgical management of Atresia Ani in a cow calf - D. N. Suthar, S.R. Chaudhary, P.B. Patel, J.N. Mistry, J.B. Patel and S.S.Nerurkar
Vet World. 2010; 3(8): 380-381

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Review Article

10.  Escherichia coli O157:H7 - An emerging pathogen in foods of animal origin - Ch. Bindu Kiranmayi , N. Krishnaiah and E. Naga Mallika
Vet World. 2010; 3(8): 382-389

 

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an emerging public health concern in most countries of the world. E. coli O157:H7 was known to be a human pathogen for nearly 24 years. EHEC O157 infection is estimated to be the fourth most costly food borne disease in Canada and USA, not counting the cost of possible litigation. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella are the leading causes of produce related outbreaks, accounting for 20 and 30% respectively. The authority of the Federal Meat Inspection Act, FSIS (Food Safety and Inspection Service) declared Escherichia coli O157:H7, an adulterant in raw ground beef and enforced “zero tolerance” (USDA-FSIS, 17 December 1998). Because of the severity of these illnesses and the apparent low infective dose (less than 10 cells), Escherichia coli O157:H7 is considered one of the most serious of known food borne pathogens. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is mainly pathogenic to human but in cattle and other animals, it did not induce any clinical disease except diarrhea. So, these animals act as carriers to Escherichia coli O157:H7. The majority transmission is through eating of undercooked contaminated ground meat and consumption of raw milk, raw vegetables, fruits contaminated by water, cheese, curd and also through consumption of sprouts, lettuce and juice. The conventional isolation procedure includes growth in enrichment broth like modified EC (E. coli) broth or modified tryptic soy broth (mTSB) Since the infection primarily occurs via faeco-oral route, the preventive measures include food hygiene measures like proper cooking of meat, consumption of pasteurized milk, washing fruits and vegetables especially those to be eaten raw and drinking chlorine treated water and personnel hygiene measures like washing hands after toilet visits.
Keywords: Food borne pathogen, Enteritis, Meat, Animal products, Zoonosis, Outbreak, Public Health.


» Abstract & References » PDF Fulltext» doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.382-389
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Review Article

11.  Heterohybridoma for the production of non murine monoclonal antibodies - Kh. Victoria Chanu and M. Ayub Ali
Vet World. 2010; 3(8): 390-392


Hybridoma technology described by kohler and Milstein produce only mouse immunoglobulins. Such immunoglobulins have limited use due to its negative side effects such as the recipient’s immune response. The production of a non murine monoclonal antibody to combat the problems of murine monoclonal antibody is again difficult due to the lack of a suitable myeloma cell line. Heterohybridoma formed by the fusion of lymphocyte of one species with the myeloma cell of a different species is the solution, which can be used for the production of non murine monoclonal antibodies.
Keywords: heterohybridoma, non-murine, lymphocytes, myeloma cell, monoclonal antibodies


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