Veterinary World

 

ISSN (Online): 2231-0916
 

 Home


 Editorial board


 Instructions for authors


 Reviewer guideline


 Open access policy


 Archives


 FAQ


 

 

Open Access

Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License  (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.


Review (Published online : 04-07-2013)
10. Does contemporary canine diet cause cancer? ; A review -
Joseph B Gentzel

Vet World. 2013; 6(9): 632-639





References

1. Murua Escobar, H., Soller, J., Sterenczak, K., Sperveslage, J., Schlueter, C., Burchardt, B., Eberle, N., Fork, M., Nimzyk, R., Winkler, S., Nolte, I. and Bullerdiek, J. (2006) Cloning and characterization of the canine receptor for advanced glycation end products. Gene. 369:45-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.10.015
PMid:16325354

 

2. Sterenczak, K., Willenbrock, S., Barann, M., Klemke, M., Soller, J., Eberle, N., Nolte, I., bullerdiek, J. and Murua Escobar, H. (2009) Cloning, characterisation, and comparative quantitative expression analyses of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) transcript forms. Gene. 434(1-2):35-42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.027
PMid:19061941

 

3. De Marzo, A., Coffey, D. and Nelson, W. (1999) New concepts in tissue specificity for prostate cancer and benigh prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 53(Suppl 3a):29-39.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00536-6

 

4. Miya, K., Misumi, K., Miyoshi, N., Aria, K., Fujik, M., Kubota, C., Salamoto, H. (2005)Interpreting gelatinase activity in tumor tissue and serum as a prognostic marker of naturally developing canine tumors. J Vet Med Sci. 67(8): 769-775.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.67.769
PMid:16141663

 

5. Arulselvan, P., Wen, C.C., Lan, C.W., Chen, Y.H., Wei, W.C. and Yang, N.S. (2012) Dietary Administration of Scallion Extract Effectively Inhibits Colorectal Tumor Growth: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Mice. PLoS One. 7(9):e44658.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044658
PMid:23024755 PMCid:PMC3443092

 

6. Mederle, O., Mederie, N., Bocan, E., Ceausu, R. and Raica, M. VEGF (2010) expression in dog mastocytoma. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 114(1):185-188.
PMid:20509299

 

7. Kumar, V. (2012) Adenosine as an endogenous immunoregu- lator in cancer pathogenesis: where to go? Purinegic Signal. 9(2):145-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11302-012-9349-9
PMid:23271562 PMCid:PMC3646124

 

8. Lowe, B. and Storkun, W. (2011) Chronic inflammation and immunologic-based constraints in malignant disease. Immunotherapy. 3(10):1265-1274.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/imt.11.113
PMid:21995576 PMCid:PMC3225121

 

9. Scrivo, R., Vasile, M., Bartosiewicz, I. and Valesini, G. (2011) Inflammation as "common soil" of the multifactorial diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 10(7):369-374.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2010.12.006
PMid:21195808

 

10. Sethl, G., Shanmugam, M., Ramachandran, L., Kumar, A. and Terganonkar V. (2012) Multifaceted link between cancer and inflammation. Biosci Rep. 32(1):1-15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20100136
PMid:21981137

 

11. Stix, G. A. (2007) malignant flame. Understanding chronic inflammation, which contributes to heart disease, Alzheimer's and a variety of other ailments, may be a key to unlocking the mysteries of cancer. Sci Am. 297(1):60-67.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0707-60
PMid:17695843

 

12. Egger, G. (2011) Obesity, Chronic Disease, and Economic Growth: A Case for "Big Picture" Prevention. Advances in Preventive Medicine. 26 (10): 149-158.

 

13. Zoran, D. (2010) Obesity in dogs and cats: a metabolic and endocrine disorder. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 417-418:183-188.

 

14. Hickman, M. (1998) Interventional nutrition for gastro- intestinal disease. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 13(4):211- 216.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1096-2867(98)80005-4

 

15. Johnson, P. (2010) Dogs in Biomedical research. [Lecture]. http://www.uac.arizona.edu/vsc443/dogmodel/10_dog_as_models_lect.pdf. Accessed December 28, 2012.

 

16. Kozak, L., Koza, R. and Anunciado-Koza, R. (2010) Brown fat thermogenesis and body weight regulation in mice: relevance to humans. Int J Obes (Lond). 34(Suppl 1):S23-27.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.179
PMid:20935661

 

17. Tvarijonaviciute, A., Ceron, J., Holden, S., Cuthbertson, D., Biourge, V., Morris, P. and German, A. (2012) Obesity- related metabolic dysfunction in dogs: a comparison with human metabolic syndrome. BMC Vet Res. 8(1):147.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-147
PMid:22929809 PMCid:PMC3514388

 

18. Hill, R. (2009) Conference on "Multidisciplinary approaches to nutritional problems". Symposium on "Nutrition and health". Nutritional theapies to improve health: lessons from companion animals. Proc Nutr Soc. 68(1):98-102.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0029665108008835
PMid:19040782

 

19. Rowell, J., McCarthy, D. and Alvarez, C. (2011) Dog Models of naturally occurring cancer. Trends Mol Med. 17(7):380- 388.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2011.02.004
PMid:21439907 PMCid:PMC3130881

 

20. Salminen, A., Kaarniranta, K. and Kauppinen, A. (2012) Inflammaging:disturbed interplay between autophagy and inflammasomes. Aging (Albany NY). 4(3):166-175.

 

21. Weber K, Schmahl W. and Munch G. (1998) Distribution of advanced glycation end products in the cerebellar neurons of dogs. Brain Res. 791(1-2):11-17.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(97)01421-2

 

22. Yuki, M., Itoh, H. and Takase, K. (2010) Serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentration in clinically healthy puppies and adult dogs and in dogs with various diseases. Vet Clin Pathol. 39(1):65-71.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00181.x
PMid:19761561

 

23. Murua Escobar, H., Meher, B., Richter, A., Becker, K., Flohr, A., Bullerdiek, J. and Nolte, I. (2003) Molecular charac- terization of the canine HMGB1. Cytogenet Genome Res. 101(1):33-38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000073415
PMid:14571134

 

24. Gil, A., Olza, J., Gil-Campos, M., Gomez-Llorente, C. and Aquilera, C. (2011) Is adipose tissue metabolically different at different sites? Int J Pediatr Obes. 6(Suppl 1):13-20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17477166.2011.604326
PMid:21905811

 

25. Cook, A. and Cowan, C. (2008-2009) Adipose. Stembook [Internet].2008-2009. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20614613. Accessed Jan 7, 2013.

 

26. Tetè, S., Nicoletti, M., Saggini, A., Maccauro, G., Rosati, M., Conti, F., Cianchetti, E., Tripodi, D., Toniato, E., Fulcheri, M., Salini, V., Caraffa, A., Antinolfi, P., Frydas, S., Pandolfi, F., Conti, P. and Potalivo, G. (2012)Nutrition and cancer prevention. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 25(3):573-581.
PMid:23058007

 

27. Gugliucci, A., Kotani, K., Taing, J., Matsuoka, Y., Sano, Y., Yoshimura, M., Egawa, K., Horikawa, C., Kitagawa, Y., Kiso, Y., Kimura, S. and Sakane, N. (2009) Short-Term Low Calorie Diet Intervention Reduces Serum Advanced Glycation End Products in Healthy Overweight or Obese Adults. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism. 54(3):197-201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000217817
PMid:19420913

 

28. Tsukahara, H., Ohta, N., Sato, S., Hiraoka, M., Shukunami, K., Uchiyama, M., Kawakami, H., Sekine, K. and Mayumi, M. (2004) Concentrations of pentosidine, an advanced glycaiton end-product, in umbilical cord blood. Free Radic Res. 38(7):691-695.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1071576042000220256
PMid:15453634

 

29. Heerwagen, M., Miller, M., Barbour, L. and Friedman, J. (2010) Maternal obesity and fetal metabolic programming: a fertile epigenetic soil. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 299(3):R711-722.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00310.2010
PMid:20631295 PMCid:PMC2944425

 

30. Koletzko, B., Brands, B., Poston, L., Godfrey, K. and Demmelmair, H. (2012) Early nutrition programming of long-term health. Proc Nutr Soc. 18:1-8.

 

31. Reik, W., Dean, W. and Walter, J. (2001) Epigenetic repro- gramming in mammalian development. Science. 293 (5532): 1089-1093.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1063443
PMid:11498579

 

32. Cinti, S. (2011) Between brown and white: novel aspects of adipocyte differentiation. Ann Med. 43(2):104-115.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07853890.2010.535557
PMid:21254898

 

33. Nikoopoulos, D., Theocharis, S. and Kouraklis G. Ghrelin (2010) a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Requl Pept. 163(1-3):7-17.

 

34. Sparkes, A. (2011) Feeding old cats--an update on new nutritional therapies. Top Companion Anim Med. 26(1):37- 42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2011.01.006
PMid:21435625

 

35. Bagnell, C., Steinetz, B. and Bartol, F. (2009) Milk-borne relaxin and the lactocrine hypothesis for materman programming of neonatal tissues. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1160: 152-157.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03834.x
PMid:19416178

 

36. Yamagishi, S., Ueda, S. and Okuda, S. (2007) Food-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs): a novel therapeutic target for various disorders. Curr Pharm Des. 13(27):2832- 2836.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161207781757051
PMid:17897026

 

37. German, A., Ryan, V., German, A., Wood, I. and Trayburn, P. (2010) Obesity, its associated disorders and the role of inflammatory adipokines in companion animals. Vet J. 185 (1):4-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.004
PMid:20472476

 

38. Birlouez-Aragon, I., Morales, F., Fogliano, V. and Pain, J. (2010) The health and technological implications of a better control of neoformed contaminants by the food industry. Pathol Biol 58(3):232-238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patbio.2009.09.015
PMid:19906499

 

39. Uribarri, J., Woodruff, S., Goodman, S., Cai, W., Chen, X., Pyzik, R., Yong, A., Striker, G. and Vlassara, H. (2010) Advanced glycation end products in foods and a practical guide to their reduction in the diet. J Am Diet Assoc. 110(6): 911-916, e912.

 

40. Perez-Calvo, E., Castrillo, C., Baucells, M. and Guada, J. (2010) Effect of rendering on protein and fat quality of animal by-products. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 94(5):e154- 163.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.00998.x
PMid:20579181

 

41. Delgado-Andrade, C., Rufian-Herares, J., Nieto, R., Aquilera, J., Navarro, M. and Seiquer, I. (2010) Does the pelleting process affect the nutritive value of a pre-starter diet for sucking piglets? Ex vivo studies on mineral absorption. J Sci Food Agric. 90(5):898-905.
PMid:20355128

 

42. Stadler, R., Blank, I., Varga, N., Robert, F., Hau, J., Guy, P., Robert, M. and Riediker, S. (2002) Acrylamide from Maillard reaction products. Nature. 419(6906):449-450.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/419449a
PMid:12368845

 

43. Friedman, M. and Levin, C. (2008) Review of methods for the reduction of dietary content and toxicity of acrylamide. J Agric Food Chem. 56(15):6113-6140.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0730486
PMid:18624452

 

44. Tareke, E., Rydberg, P., Karlsson, P. and Tornqvist, M. (2002) Analysis of acrylamide, a carcinogen formed in heated foodstuffs. J Agric Food Chem. 50(17):4998-5006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020302f
PMid:12166997

 

45. Semba, R., Nicklett, E. and Ferrucci, L. (2010) Does accumulation of advanced glycation end products contribute to the aging phenotype? J Gerontol 65(9):963-975.

 

46. Sterenczak, K, Nolte, I. and Escobar, H. (2013) RAGE Splicing Variants in Mammals. In: Heizmann CW, ed. Calcium-Binding Proteins and RAGE. Vol 963: Humana Press. pp.265-276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-230-8_16
PMid:23296616

 

47. Luevano-Contreras, C. and Chapman-Novakofski, K. (2010) Dietary advanced glycation end products and aging. Nutrients. 2(12):1247-1265.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu2121247
PMid:22254007 PMCid:PMC3257625

 

48. Uribarri, J., Cai, W., Sandu, O., Peppa, M., Goldberg, T. and Vlassara, H. (2005) Diet-derived advanced glycaiton end products are major contributors to the body's AGE pool and induce inflammation in healthy subjects. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1043:461-466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1333.052
PMid:16037267

 

49. Tessier, F. and Birlouez-Aragon, I. (2012) Health effects of dietary Maillard reaction products: the results of ICARE and other studies. Amino Acids. 42(4):1119-1131.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-010-0776-z
PMid:20949364

 

50. Song, F. and Schmidt, A. (2012) Glycation and insulin resistance: novel mechanisms and unique targets? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 32(8):1760-1765.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.241877
PMid:22815341

 

51. Ramasamy, R., Yan, S. and Schmidt, A. (2012) Advanced glycation endproducts: from precursors to RAGE: round and round we go. Amino Acids. 42(4):1151-1161.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-010-0773-2
PMid:20957395 PMCid:PMC3062728

 

52. Goldin, A., Beckman, J.A., Schmidt, A.M. and Creager, M.A. (2006) Advanced Glycation End Products: Sparking the Development of Diabetic Vascular Injury. Circulation. 114 (6):597-605.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.621854
PMid:16894049

 

53. Negre-Salvayre, A., Coatrieux, C., Inguerneau, C. and Salvayre, R. (2008) Advanced lipid peroxidation end products in oxidative damage to proteins. Potential role in diseases and therapeutic prospects for the inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol. 153(1):6-20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0707395
PMid:17643134 PMCid:PMC2199390

 

54. Giunta, B., Fernadndez, F., Nikolic, W., Obregon, D., Rrapo, E., Town, T. and Tan, J. (2008)Inflammaging as a prodrome to Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation. 5: 51.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-5-51
PMid:19014446 PMCid:PMC2615427

 

55. Egger, G. and Dixon, J. (2009) Obesity and chronic disease; always offender or often just accomplice? Br J Nutr. 102 (8): 1238-1242.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509371676
PMid:19445817

 

56. Laflamme, D. (2012) Companion Animals Symposium: Obesity in dogs and cats: what is wrong with being fat? J Anim Sci. 90(5):1653-1662.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4571
PMid:21984724

 

57. Cave, N. (2003) Chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract of companion animals. N Z Vet J. 51 (6): 262-274.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2003.36380
PMid:16032340

 

58. Goldberg, T., Cai, W., Peppa, M, Dardaine V, Baliga B, Uribarri J, Vlassara H. (2004) Advanced glycoxidation end products in commonly consumed foods. J Am Diet Assoc. 104(8):1287-1291.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2004.05.214
PMid:15281050

 

59. Asif, M., Egan, J., Vasan, S., Jyothirmayi, G.N., Masurekar, M.R., Lopez, S., Williams, C., Torres, R.L., Wagle, D., Ulrich, P., Cerami, A., Brines, M. and Regan, T.J. (2000) An advanced glycaiton endproduct cross-link breaker can reverse age-related increases in myocardial stiffness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(14):2809-2813.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040558497
PMid:10706607 PMCid:PMC16011

 

60. Graeber, M., Li, W. and Rodriques, M. (2011) Role of microglia in CNS inflammation. FEBS Lett. 585(23):3798- 3805.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.033
PMid:21889505

 

61. Macaulay, R., Akbar, A. and Hensen, S. (2012) The role of the T cell in age-related inflammation. Age . 35(3):563-72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-012-9381-2
PMid:22252437

 

 

62. Neuhouser, M.L., Schwarz, Y., Wang, C., Breymeyer, K., Coronado, G., Wang, C.Y., Noar, K., Song, X. and Lampe, J.W. (2012) A Low-Glycemic Load Diet Reduces Serum C- Reactive Protein and Modestly Increases Adiponectin in Overweight and Obese Adults. The Journal of Nutrition. 142(2):369-374.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.149807
PMid:22190020 PMCid:PMC3260063

 

 

63. Ogilvie, G. (1998) Interventional nutrition for the cancer patient. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 13(4):224-231.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1096-2867(98)80007-8

 

 

64. Massimino, S., McBurney, M., Field, C., Thomson, A., Keelan, M., Hayek, M. and Sunvoid, G. (1998) Fermentable dietary fiber increases GLP-1 secretion and improves glucose homeostasis despite increased intestinal glucose transport capacity in healthy dogs. J Nutr. 128(10): 1786- 1793.
PMid:9772150

 

 

65. Rose, D., DeMeo, M., Keshavarzian, A. and Hamaker, B. (2007) Influence of dietary fiber on inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer importance of fermentation pattern. Mutr Rev. 65(2):51-62.

 

 

66. Silvio, J., Harmon, D., Gross, K. and McLeod, K. (2000) Influence of fiber fermentability on nutrient digestion in the dog. Nutrition. 16(4):289-295.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00298-1

 

 

67. Ogilvie, G., Fettman, M., Mallinckrodt, C., Walton, J., Hansen, R., Davenport, D., Gross, K., Richardson, K., Rogers, Q. and Hand, M. (2000) Effect of fish oil, arginine, and doxorubicin chemotherapy on remission and survival time for dogs with lymphoma: a souble-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study. Cancer. Apr 88 (8): 1916-1928.

       

 

68. Chua, W., Clarke, S. and Charles, K. (2012) Systemic inflammation and prediction of chemotherapy outcomes in patients receiving docetaxel for advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer. 20(8):1869-1874.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-011-1289-3
PMid:21986674

 

 

69. Kim, M., Kim, K., Han, J., Lim, J. and Song, Y. (2011) Modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways by phytochemicals in ovarian cancer. Genes Nutr. 6(2):109- 115.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12263-011-0209-y
PMid:21484164 PMCid:PMC3092902

 

 

70. Kuniyasu, H., Oue, N., Wakikawa, A., Shigeishi, H., Matsutani, N., Kuraoka, K., Ito, R., Yokozaki, H. and Yasui, W. (2002) Expression of receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is closely associated with the invasive and metastatic activity of gastric cancer. The Journal of Pathology. 196(2):163-170.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.1031
PMid:11793367

 

 

71. Stehno-Bittel, L. (2008) Intricacies of fat. Phys Ther. 88 (11): 1268-1278.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080034
PMid:18801855

 

 

72. Ryan, V., German, A., Wood, I., Hunter, L., Morris, P. and Trayhurn, P. (2010) Adipokine expression and secretion by canine adipocytes: stimulation of inflammatory adipokine production by LPS and TNFalpha. Pflugers Arch. 460 (3): 603-616.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-010-0845-x
PMid:20473515

 

 

73. Burns, P. A. (2011) Brief History of Dog Food. In: Burns P, ed. Terrierman's Daily Dose. Vol 2011. Aug 9, 2008 ed. Arlington, VA2008.

       

 

74. Hill, S.R. (2010) Changing the metabolism of dogs (canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) at rest and during exercise by manipulation of dietary macronutrients. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Nutritional Science, Massey University.

 

 

75. Adler, C.J., Dobney, K., Weyrich, L.S., Kaidonis, J., Walker, A.W., Haak, W., Bradshaw, C.J.A., Townsend, G., Soltysiak, A., Alt, K.W., Parkhill, J. and Cooper, A. (2013) Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions. Nat Genet. 45(4):450-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2536
PMid:23416520

 

 

76. Adler, C.J., Haak, W., Donlon, D. and Cooper, A. (2011) Survival and recovery of DNA from ancient teeth and bones. Journal of Archaeological Science. 38(5):956-964.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2010.11.010

 

 

77. Simopoulos, A. (2009) A Balanced Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio, Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease. 100: 1- 2.

 

 

78. Simopoulos, A. (2008) The importance of the omeaga-6/ omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and the other chronic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 233(6): 674-688.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/0711-MR-311
PMid:18408140

 

 

79. Egger, G. (2012) In search of a germ theory equivalent for chronic disease. Prev Chronic Dis. 9:E95.
PMid:22575080 PMCid:PMC3431950

 

 

80. Egger, G. and Dixon, J. (2010) Inflammatory effects of nutritional stimuli: further support for the need for a big picture approach to tackling obesity and chronic disease. Obes Rev. 11(2):137-149.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00644.x
PMid:19656309

 

 

81. O'Connor, J., Stowe, C. and Robinson, R. (1985) Fate of sodium pentobarbital in rendered products. Am J Vet Res. 48(8): 1721-1724.

 

 

82. Myers, M. (2004) CVM Scientists develop PCR test to determine source of animal products in feed, pet food. Veterinarian Newsletter [Online] http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/NewsEvents/FDAVeterinarianNewsletter/ucm093929.htm. Accessed December 27, 2012.

       

 

83. Taylor, D. and Woodgate, S. (2003) Rendering practices and inactivation of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agents. Rev Sci Tech. 22(1):297-310.
PMid:12793787

 

 

84. USDA. (2011) BSE and the safety of pets. http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/ComplianceEnforcement/BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy/ucm142819.htm. Accessed December 28, 2012.

       

 

85. http://message.snopes.com/showthread.php?t=6517. Accessed December 30, 2012.

       

 

       

86. CDC (2012) Human Salmonella Infantis infections linked to dry dog food- United States and Canada, 2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 61(23):436.
PMid:22695384

 

 

87. Case, L. (2005) Nutrient requirements of the dog. The Dog: Its behaviror, nutrition and health. 2nd ed. Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing Professional.

 

 

88. CEBM (2009) Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine - Levels of Evidence. http://www.cebm.net/ index. aspx? o= 1025. Accessed December 27, 2012.

       

 

89. Bosch, G., Pellikaan, W., Rutten, G., van der Poel, A., Verstegen, M. and Hendriks, W. (2008) Comparative in vitro fermentation activity in the canine distal gastrointestinal tract and fermentation kinetics of fiber sources. J Anim Sci. 86(11):2979-2989.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0819
PMid:18599660

 

 

90. Adolphe, J., Drew, M., Huang, Q., Silver, T. and Weber, L. (2012) Postprandial impairment of flow-mediated dilation and elevated methylglyoxal after simple but not comples carohydrate consumption in dogs. Nutr Res. 32(4):278-284.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2012.03.002
PMid:22575041

 

 

91. http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsweek/Glycemic_index_and_glycemic_load_for_100_foods.htm. Accessed February 19, 2013.

       

 

92. Hu, J., La Vecchia, C., Augustin, L., Negri, E., de Groh, M., Morrison, H. and Mery, L. (2013) Gyycemic index, glycemic load and cancer risk. Ann Oncol. 24(1):245-251.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mds235
PMid:22831983

 

 

93. Barclay, A., Petocz, P., McMillan-Price, J., Flood, V., Prvan, T., Mitchell, P., Brand-Miller, J. (2008) Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk--a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 87(3):627-637.
PMid:18326601

 

 

94. Brownlee, I., Moore, C., Chatfield, M., Richardson, D., Ashby, P., Kuznesof, S., Jebb, S. and Seal, C. (2010) Markers of cardiovascular risk are not changed by increased whole- grain intake: Whole heart study, a randomised, controlled dietary intervention. Br J Nutr. 104(1):125-134.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510000644
PMid:20307353 PMCid:PMC3501710

 

 

95. Nachman, K., Raber, G., Francesconi, K., Navas-Acien, A. and Love, D. (2012) Arsenic species in poultry feather meal. Sci Total Environ. 417-418.

 

 

96. Lasekan, A., Abu Bakar, F. and Hashim, D. (2012) Potential of chicken by-products as sources of useful biological resources. Waste Manag. pil: S0956-053X(12):00367-00364.

       

 

97. Lasky, T., Sun, W., Kadry, A. and Hoffman, M. (2004) Mean total arsenic concentrations in chicken 1989-2000 and estimated exposures for consumers of chicken. Environ Health Perspect. 112(1):18-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6407
PMid:14698925 PMCid:PMC1241791

 

 

98. Magos, L. (1991) Epidemiological and experimental aspects of metal carcinogenesis: physicochemical properties, kinetics, and the active species. Environ Health Perspect. 95:157-189.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9195157
PMid:1821370 PMCid:PMC1568407

 

 

99. http://www.vetdepot.com/increase-chronic-diseases-infographic.html. Accessed December 27, 2012, 2012.

       

 

100. Clutton-Brock, J. (1977) Man-made dogs. Science. 197 (4311):1340-1342.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.197.4311.1340
PMid:17746990

 

 

101. Li, W., Li, V., Hutnik, M. and Chiou, A. (2012) Tumor angiogenesis as a target for dietary cancer prevention. J Oncol. 2012:879623.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/879623
PMid:21977033 PMCid:PMC3184418

 

 

102. Aggarwal, B., Ichikawa, H., Garodia, P., Weerasinghe, P., Sethi, G., Bhatt, I., Pandey, M., Shishodia, S. and Nair. M. (2006) From traditional Ayurvedic medicine to modern medicine: identification of therapeutic targets for suppression of inflammation and cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 10(1):89-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14728222.10.1.87
PMid:16441231

 

 

103. Krol, M., Pawlowski, K., Majchrzak, K., Gajewska, M., Majewska, A. and Motyl, T. (2012) Global gene expression profiles of canine macrophages and canine mammary cancer cells grown as a co-culture in vitro. BMC Veterinary Research. 8(1):16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-16
PMid:22353646 PMCid:PMC3315417

 

 

104. Sterenczak, K.A., Willenbrock, S., Barann, M., Klemke, M., Soller, J.T., Eberle, N., Nolte, I., Bullerdiek, J. and Escobar, H.M. (2009) Cloning, characterisation, and comparative quantitative expression analyses of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) transcript forms. Gene. 434 (1–2):35-42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.027
PMid:19061941

 

 

105. Schmidt, A.M., Yan, S.D., Yan, S.F. and Stern, D.M. (2000) The biology of the receptor for advanced glycation end products and its ligands. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1498(2–3):99-111.

 

 

106. Chase, D., McLauchlan, G., Eckersall, P.D., Parkin, T., Pratschke, K. and Pratschke, J. (2013) Acute phase protein levels in dogs with mast cell tumours and sarcomas. Veterinary Record. 170(25):648.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.100401
PMid:22659923

 

 

107. Wolfesberger, B., Hoelzl, C., Walter, I., Reider, G.A., Fertl, G., Thalhammer, J.G., Skalicky, M. and Egerbacher, M. (2006) In vitro effects of meloxicam with or without doxorubicin on canine osteosarcoma cells. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 29(1):15-23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00704.x
PMid:16420297

 

 

108. Zuccari, D., Castro, R., Gelaleti, G. and Mancini, U. (2011) Interleukin-8 expression associated with canine mammary tumors. Genet Mol Res. 10(3):1522-1532.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/vol10-3gmr1145
PMid:21863548

 

 

109. Willenbrock, S., Braun, O., Baumgart, J., Lange, S., Junghanss, C., Heisterkamp, A., Nolte, I., Bullerdiek, J., Murua Escobar, H. (2012) TNF-a induced secretion of HMGB1 from non-immune canine mammary epithelial cells (MTH53A). Cytokine. 57(2):210-220.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2011.11.011
PMid:22154216

 

 

110. Tamburini, B., Phang, T., Fosmire, S., Scott, M., Trapp, S., Duckett, M., Robinson, S., Slansky, J., Sharkey, L., Cutter, G., Wojcieszyn, J., Bellgrau, D., Gemmill, R., Hunter, L. and Modiano, J. (2010) Gene expression profiling identifies inflammation and angiogenesis as distinguishing features of canine hemangiosarcoma. BMC Cancer. 10(1):619.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-10-619
PMid:21062482 PMCid:PMC2994824

 

 

111. Brunker, J. and Hoover, J. (2007) B-cell lymphoma in a dog with ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) and systemic histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum). Can Vet J. 48(3): 292-295.
PMid:17436907 PMCid:PMC1800954

 

 

112. Sterenczk, K. A., Kleinschmidt, S., Wefstaedt, P., Eberle, N., Hewicker-Trautwein, M., Bullerdiek, J., Nolte, I. and Escobar, M. (2011) Quantitative PCR and Immunohistoche- mical Analyses of HMGB1 and RAGE Expression in Canine Disseminated Histiocytic Sarcoma (Malignant Histiocytosis). Anticancer Research. 31(5):1541-1548.

 

 

113. Sterenczk, K. A., Joetzke, A.E., Willenbrock, S., Eberle, N., Lange, S., Junghanss, C., Nolete, I., Bullerdiek, J. Simon, D. and Escobar, H.M. (2010) High-mobility Group B1 (HMGB1) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End- products (RAGE) Expression in Canine Lymphoma. Anticancer Research. 30(12):5043-5048.

 

 

114. Wilson, H., Chadalapaka, G., Jutooru, I., Sheppard, S., Pfent, C. and Safe, S. (2012) Effect of Tolfenamic Acid on Canine Cancer Cell Proliferation, Specificity Protein (Sp) Transcription Factors, and Sp-Regulated Proteins in Canine Osteosarcoma, Mammary Carcinoma, and Melanoma Cells. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 26(4):977-986.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00931.x
PMid:22536857

 

 

115. Mercer, N., Ahmed, H., Etcheverry, S., Vasta, G. and Cortizo, A. (2007) Regulation of advanced glycation end product (AGE) receptors and apoptosis by AGEs in osteoblast-like cells. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 306(1-2):87-94.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-007-9557-8
PMid:17660952

 

 

116. Mercer, N., Ahmed, H., McCarthy, A., Etcheverry S, Vasta G. and Cortizo A. (2004)AGE-R3/galectin-3 expression in osteoblast-like cells: regulation by AGEs. Mol Cell Biochem. 266(1-2):17-24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MCBI.0000049128.71095.ac
PMid:15646023

 

 

117. Misdorp, W. (2004) Mast cells and canine mast cell tumours. A review. Veterinary Quarterly. 26(4):156-169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2004.9695178
PMid:15663212

 

 

118. Yoshimaru, T., Suzuki, Y., Inoue, T., Nishida, S. and Ra, C. (2008) Extracellular superoxide released from mitochondria mediates mast cell death by advanced glycation end products. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1783(12):2332-2343.