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Research
(Published
online: 02-08-2014)
2.
Prevalence and pathology of oviduct impaction in commercial white
leghorn layer chicken in Namakkal region of India
-
P. Srinivasan, G. A.
Balasubramaniam, T. R. Gopala Krishna Murthy and P. Balachandran
Veterinary World, 7(8): 553-558
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2014.553-558
P. Srinivasan: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary
College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India;
srinipat2004@yahoo.com
G. A. Balasubramaniam: Department of Veterinary Pathology,
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu,
India;
gabalasubramaniam@gmail.com
T. R. Gopala Krishna Murthy: Poultry Disease Diagnosis and
Surveillance Laboratory, Veterinary College and Research Institute
Campus, Namakkal, India; gkmurthy_in@yahoo.com
P. Balachandran: Department of Veterinary Pathology,
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu,
India; balaavg@yahoo.co.in
Received: 25-04-2014, Revised: 21-06-2014, Accepted: 27-06-2014,
Published online: 02-08-2014
Corresponding author: P. Srinivasan, email:
srinipat2004@yahoo.com
Abstract
Aim: The avian oviduct is a
tubular organ responsible for fertilization, secretion of the
components surrounding the yolk and transport of egg in the
reproductive tract. Disorders of oviduct may have a great bearing
on production potential and incur a heavy loss. A study was
undertaken to assess the prevalence and pathological changes of
impacted oviduct in commercial white leghorn layer chicken in
Namakkal region of India for a period of four years from 2006 to
2009.
Materials and Methods: A total of 5145 carcasses of white
leghorn layers, above 20 weeks age from 255 flocks were examined
for various oviduct abnormalities. Heart blood, liver and oviduct
swabs collected upon necropsy from 45 layer chicken from six
flocks with oviduct impaction were screened for bacterial agents.
Pooled tissue (trachea, lung, spleen, caecal tonsil, kidney and
oviduct) samples from impacted oviduct cases were screened for
viral agents. Serum samples collected from affected flocks were
screened for Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis
virus (IBV) and egg drop syndrome – 76 (EDS-76) virus by
haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum
(Mg) and Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms) by ELISA. Flock details and
pathological changes were recorded in affected flocks to assess
the prevalence and impact of oviduct impaction on commercial layer
chicken.
Results: The results of the present investigation indicated
that the oviduct impaction was responsible for 0.87 % cent of the
reproductive tract abnormalities in commercial layers between 21
and 80 wk of age. Egg production drop, morbidity and mortality
recorded in the affected flocks were varied from 3 to 8, 0.4 to
1.2 and 0.2 to 0.5 % respectively. The oviduct impaction was
commonly noticed above 40 wk old layers and predominantly during
colder months. Serum samples collected from three flocks with
oviduct impaction were found positive for Mg and Ms infection in
ELISA test. Escherichia coli was isolated as a pure culture in 29
birds and concurrent with other bacterial agents in 16 birds.
Serotyping of E. coli isolates revealed that O144, O54 and O109
were the predominant types. Necropsy examination of carcasses with
impacted oviduct showed emaciation, peritonitis, regression of
ovarian follicles and distension of oviduct commonly in the
infundibulum and magnum region. The exudate was either large mass
with concentric layering on cut section or numerous caesous masses
with varying size and shape often mixed with creamy or
serosangunious fluid. Histopathological examination of oviduct
revealed the presence of lymphoid foci in the epithelial layer
with marked atrophy and degeneration of mucosal folds.
Conclusions: Impacted oviduct constituted 0.87 % of oviduct
abnormality in commercial layer chicken with an overall mortality
of 0.5 %. The findings of this study showed that the oviduct
impaction might be caused by E.coli in concurrence with Proteous
spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. and Mycoplasma.
Keywords: E. coli, layer chicken, mycoplasma, oviduct
impaction, pathology, prevalence.
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