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Research
(Published
online: 23-12-2014)
15. Prevalence of drug-resistant
gastrointestinal nematodes in an organized sheep farm
-
Ambalathaduvar Meenakshisundaram, Thavasi
Anna and Jayagopal Harikrishnan
Veterinary World, 7(12): 1113-1116
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2014.1113-1116
Ambalathaduvar Meenakshisundaram:
Department of Veterinary Parasitology,
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli- 627 358,
Tamil Nadu, India;
fish1092@rediffmail.com
Thavasi Anna:
Department of Veterinary Parasitology,
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli- 627 358,
Tamil Nadu, India;
drtanna@rediffmail.com
Jayagopal Harikrishnan: Registrar,
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai -
600 051, Tamil Nadu, India;
tjkrish@gmail.com
Received:
24-08-2014, Revised: 31-10-2014, Accepted: 06-11-2014, Published
online: 23-12-2014
Corresponding author:
Ambalathaduvar
Meenakshisundaram, e-mail: fish1092@rediffmail.com
Abstract
Aim: The present study was
aimed to determine the resistance against albendazole,
fenbendazole, levamisole and closantel in gastrointestinal (GI)
nematodes of sheep.
Introduction: Anthelmintics are used traditionally as an
integral part of helminthic control strategies for grazing
livestock to prevent production losses from parasitic infections.
The continuous and indiscriminate use of the same anthelmintics
over years together as the sole means of control are now failing
due to the emergence of resistance strains of helminths.
Resistance to the commonly used anthelmintics in GI nematodes of
sheep has become an increasingly widespread problem throughout the
world.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-five naturally infected Madras
Red lambs of 6-12 months of age were selected and distributed
randomly into five treatment groups of 11 animals each. Four
groups were treated orally with albendazole (5 mg/kg),
fenbendazole (7 mg/kg), levamisole (7.5 mg/kg) and closantel (10
mg/kg) respectively, whereas the fifth group served as untreated
control. Fecal samples were collected per rectum of each lamb just
prior to treatment (pre-treatment) and on 7, 14, 21 and 28 days
post-treatment. The anthelmintic resistance was evaluated by in
vivo fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), post-treatment
larval culture and in vitro egg hatch assay.
Results: In the FECRT, albendazole reduced the faecal egg
count by 86.50%, 84.81%, 85.28% and 84.47% respectively for 4
weeks after treatment. Fecal egg count reduction using
fenbendazole was 92.64, 93.04, 90.80 and 90.06% respectively for 4
weeks after treatment. The percent efficacy for levamisole and
closantel was more than 95%. The post-treatment larval culture
contained only Haemonchus contortus. In the in vitro
egg hatch assay, the ED 50
value for benzimidazole was 0.299
μg albendazole/ml and levamisole showed an ED50
value of 0.283 μg/ml.
Conclusion: Our study confirmed the resistance of H.
contortus to benzimidazole in sheep.
Keywords: benzimidazole resistance, egg hatch assay, fecal egg
count reduction test, gastrointestinal nematodes, sheep.
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