Open Access
Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access
article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly
cited.
Research
(Published
online: 05-10-2014)
4. Effect of shade materials on microclimate
of crossbred calves during summer - Reena Kamal,
Triveni Dutt, B. H. M. Patel, Amitava Dey, P. C. Chandran, S. K.
Barari, Asit Chakrabarti and Bharat Bhusan
Veterinary World, 7(10): 776-783
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2014.776-783
Reena
Kamal:
Livestock Production and Management Section, Indian Veterinary
Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India;
dr.reenakamal@yahoo.com
Triveni
Dutt:
Livestock Production and Management Section, Indian Veterinary
Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India;
jdeeivri@gmail.com
B. H.
M. Patel:
Livestock Production and Management Section, Indian Veterinary
Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India;
mpatellpm@gmail.com
Amitava
Dey:
Division of Livestock and Fisheries Management, ICAR-Research
Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India; amitavdey_icar@yahoo.co.in
P. C.
Chandran:
Division of Livestock and Fisheries Management, ICAR-Research
Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India; vetchandran@gmail.com
S. K.
Barari:
Division of Livestock and Fisheries Management, ICAR-Research
Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India; skbarari@yahoo.co.in
Asit
Chakrabarti:
Division of Livestock and Fisheries Management, ICAR-Research
Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India; asit1963@yahoo.com
Bharat
Bhusan: Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Indian
Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh,
India;
bhusan.drbharat@gmail.com
Received: 09-07-2014, Revised: 04-08-2014, Accepted: 09-08-2014,
Published online: 05-10-2014
Corresponding author:
Reena Kamal, e-mail: dr.reenakamal@yahoo.com
Abstract
Aim:
The present study was carried out on cattle and buffalo farm
of Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar (Uttar Pradesh)
to determine the effect of different shade materials on
physiological performance in Vrindavani crossbred calves during
the summer.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight crossbred calves were
divided into four groups viz. Thatch shading roof (T1), agro-net
shading roof - 60 % light diffusion (T2), asbestos with canvas
shading roof (T3) and well-grown tree (T4). The recording of macro
and micro climate as well as the physiological parameters viz.
rectal temperature and respiration rate were recorded at 9:00 AM
and 2:00 PM for 2 consecutive days at every fortnight interval.
Result:
The microclimate viz. maximum and minimum, relative humidity,
temperature humidity index and surface temperature of the roof was
lower in T2 group in the summer season. The physiological
responses viz. rectal temperature and respiration rate was
significantly higher in T4.
Conclusion: During the summer season both thatch and agro-net
shade material helped in better relieving the summer stress.
Keywords: crossbred calves, microclimate, rectal temperature,
respiration rate, shade materials, summer.
References
|
1. Jones, C. and Heinrichs, J. (2013) Heat Stress in Dairy
Calves. Available from: http://www.extension.psu.edu/animals/dairy/nutrition/calves/feeding/heat-stress-in-dairy-calves/extension_publication_file.
Last accessed on 25.07.2013. |
|
|
2. Blackshaw, J.K. and Blackshaw, A.W. (1994) Heat stress in
cattle and the effect of shade on production and behavior: A
review. Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 34: 285-295.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/EA9940285 |
|
|
3. Berman, A. and Horovitz T.(2012) Radiant heat loss, an
unexploited path for heat stress reduction in shaded cattle.
J. Dairy Sci., 95(6): 3021-31.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4844
PMid:22612938 |
|
|
|
4. Haque, N. & Hussain, S.A. (2011) Dairy Articles Available
from: http://www.Housing Design To Reduce Stress doc mht. Last
accessed on 16.06.2013. |
|
|
|
5. Atkenson, G.W. and Bickert, B. (1997) Open holding pens: A
need for summertime shade. Mich. Dairy Rev.2 (3):14. |
|
|
6. Khongdee, S., Sripoon, S., Chousawai, S., Hinch, G.,
Chaiyabutr, N., Markvichitr, K. and Vajrabukka, C. (2010) The
effect of modified roofing on the milk yield and reproductive
performance of heat-stressed dairy cows under hot-humid
conditions. Anim. Sci. J.,81(5): 606-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00771.x
PMid:20887315 |
|
|
|
7. Available from: http:/www.Oehmsen.com/-Green house barns
for dairy housing. Last accessed on 16.06.2013. |
|
|
|
8. Snedecor, F.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994) Stastical Methods.
8th ed. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, Calcutta. |
|
|
9. Macfarlane, W.C (1981) The housing of large mammals in hot
climates. In: Clarks, J.A. editor. Environmental Aspects of
Housing for Animals Production. Butterworth, London. p
259-283.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-408-10688-7.50021-7 |
|
|
|
10. Jat, R.P. and Yadav, B.L. (2010) Growth and behavioural
pattern of buffalo calves under different shelter
modifications during winter. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 80(7):
686-689. |
|
|
|
11. Sivakumar, K., Muralidharan, M.R., Viswanathan, K.,
Radhakrishnan, K. (2002) Microclimate and production
performance of commercial layers under different roof types
and rearing systems. Indian J. Poul. Sci., 37(3): 258-263. |
|
|
|
12. Roy, P.K. and Chatterjee, A. (2010) Effect of different
types of dairy cattle shelters on micro-climatic variables in
rural West Bengal. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 80(8): 781-784. |
|
|
|
13. Sharma, P. and Singh, K. (2002) Effect of shelter systems
on environmental variables. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 72(9):
806-809. |
|
|
|
14. Kaur and Singh, J. (2004) Effect of building design on
thermal comfort inside different dairy shelter. Livest. Int.,
84(4): 25-10. |
|
|
|
15. Singh, S.V. and Upadhyay, R.C. (2009) Thermal stress on
physiological functions, thermal balance and milk production
in Karan Fries and Sahiwal cows. Indian Vet. J., 86(2):
141-144. |
|
|
|
16. Singh, Y. (2000) Effect of certain managemental practices
on the performance of buffalo heifers. "Ph. D Thesis"
Submitted to CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar,
India. |
|
|
|
17. Jat, R.P., Gupta, L.R. and Yadav, B.L. (2005) Effect of
roof modification in loose house on intake and utilization of
nutrients in buffalo calves during rainy season. Indian J.
Anim. Sci., 58(1): 54-57. |
|
|
|
18. Shekhawat, L.S. and Chaudhary, J.L. (2012) Effect of roof
modifications in loose house on intake and utilization of
nutrients and milk yield in lactating crossbred cows during
winter season. J. Dairy Sci., 65(6): 501-07. |
|
|
19. Tucker, C.B., Rogers, A.R. and Schütz, K.E. (2008) Effect
of solar radiation on dairy cattle behaviour, use of shade and
body temperature in a pasture-based system. Appl. Anim. Behav.
Sci., 109: 141-154.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2007.03.015 |
|
|
|
20. Patil, R.A., Karanjkar, L.M., Jadhav, V.S., Narwade, S.G.
(2008) (Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani (India)
Department of animal husbandry and dairy science) Response in
growth of Osmanabadi weaned kids to various housing patterns.
Indian J. Anim. Res., 42(1): 29-33 |
|
|
|
21. Kumar, P., Singh, K. and Sood, S.B. (1990) Effect of
micro-environment within different types of sheds on
physiological responses in Jamunapari goats in hot semi-arid
zone. Indian J. Anim. Res., 24: 93-100. |
|
|
|
22. Yazdani, A.R. and Gupta, L.R. (2000) Effect of housing and
feeding system on feed utilization and physiological responses
in crossbred Calves. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 53: 88-92. |
|
|
23. Das, S.K., Upadhyay, R.C. and Madan, M.L. (1999) Heat
stress in Murrah buffalo calves. Livest. Prod. Sci., 61:
71-78.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00040-8 |
|
|
|
24. Ganaie, A.H., Shanker, G., Nazir A., Bumla, N.A., Ghasura
R.S., Mir, N.A., Wani, S.A. and Dudhatra, G.B. (2013)
Biochemical and physiological changes during thermal stress in
Bovines. J. Vet. Sci. Technol., 4: 1. |
|
|
|
25. Soley, M.J. and Singh, S.V. (2001) 'Physiological and
haematological responses of crossbred males under different
housing conditions'. M.Sc. Thesis, Dairy Science College, NDRI,
Karnal-132001. |
|
|
26. Schütz, K.E., Rogers, A.R., Poulouin, Y.A., Cox, N.R. and
Tucker, C.B (2010) The amount of shade influences the
behaviour and physiology of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 93:
125-233.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2416
PMid:20059911 |
|
