Open Access
Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access
article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly
cited.
R esearch
(Published online:
22-04-2015)
18.
Genetic characterization of Gaddi goat breed
of Western Himalayas using microsatellite markers -
Gurdeep Singh, Yashpal Thakur, Amitoz Kour, Varun Sankhyan and
Sanjeet Katoch
Veterinary World, 8(4): 527-531
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2015.527-531
Gurdeep
Singh:
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh
Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, College of Veterinary
and Animal
Sciences, Holta, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India;
gurdeepsingh443@yahoo.com
Yashpal
Thakur:
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh
Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, College of Veterinary
and Animal
Sciences, Holta, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India;
ypthakur@rediffmail.com
Amitoz
Kour:
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi
Vishvavidyalaya, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Holta,
Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India;
amitozkaur78@gmail.com
Varun
Sankhyan:
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh
Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, College of Veterinary
and Animal
Sciences, Holta, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India;
sankhyan@gmail.com
Sanjeet
Katoch: Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, CSK
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, College of Veterinary
and Animal
Sciences, Holta, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India;
Skatoch@gmail.com
Received:
02-12-2014, Revised: 19-03-2015, Accepted: 26-03-2015, Published
online: 22-04-2015
Corresponding author:
Gurdeep Singh, e-mail: gurdeepsingh443@yahoo.com
Citation:
Singh G, Thakur Y, Kour A, Sankhyan V, Katoch
S (2015) Genetic characterization of Gaddi goat breed of Western
Himalayas using microsatellite markers, Veterinary World
8(4); 527-531.
Abstract
Aim:
In the present study, genetic characterization of Gaddi goat
breed, a native to north temperate western Himalayan region of
India, was carried out for the purpose of breed characterization
and assessing existing intra-population genetic diversity.
Materials and Methods: Totally, 75 blood samples procured at
random from genetically unrelated animals of two sexes and
different age groups and true to breed type were collected from
different locations in the breeding tract of these goats in
Himachal Pradesh, of which only 51 samples with desired quantity
and quality were subjected to further processing for DNA
isolation. The multi-locus genotype data were generated on 51
Gaddi goats sampled across different regions of the breeding tract
in Himachal Pradesh using 15 FAO recommended goat specific
microsatellite markers, which gave amplification and observed and
effective number of alleles, gene frequency, observed and expected
heterozygosity were estimated through PopGene software (1.3.1).
Results: A total of 135 distinct alleles were observed with
mean observed and effective number of alleles as 9.0000±0.82 and
6.5874±0.56 respectively across all 15 studied loci. The maximum
(15) alleles were contributed by loci DRBP1 and P19/DYA and the
least (5) by SRCRSP5. The mean heterozygosity was observed to be
0.8347±0.01 ranging from 0.7584 (SRCRSP5) to 0.9156 (P19-DYA)
across all loci. The mean observed (H O) and
expected (HE) heterozygosities across all
loci were 0.7484±0.02 and 0.8431±0.01 respectively. The
polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.7148
(SRCPS5) to 0.909 (P19-DYA) with mean PIC of 0.8105±0.01 in the
present study. The average heterozygosity was observed to be
0.8347±0.01 ranging from 0.7584 (SRCRSP5) to 0.9156 P19 (DYA)
across all loci.
Conclusion: Microsatellite analysis revealed
high level of polymorphism across studied microsatellite markers
and informativeness of the markers for genetic diversity analysis
studies in Gaddi goats. This high level of polymorphism can be
utilized to plan future association studies to exploit the
uniqueness and adaptability of indigenous Gaddi goat breed of
Western Himalayas. Most studied microsatellite markers had desired
neutrality, thus proving to be good candidates for genetic
characterization and diversity analysis in Gaddi breed of goats
also.
Keywords: characterization, Gaddi goat,
microsatellite markers, Western Himalayas.
References
|
1. FAOSTAT. (2009) http://www.faostat3.fao.org. Last accessed
on 18-11-2014. |
|
|
|
2. Acharaya, R.M. (1982) Sheep and goat breeds of India.
Animal Production And Health Paper, Paper No 30. FAO, Rome. |
|
|
|
3. Bhatia, S. and Shankar, V. (1991) Cytogenetic analysis of
gaddi goats. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 61: 646-648. |
|
|
|
4. Gupta, K., Kaila, O.P. and Marwaha, C.L. (2005) Growth
patterns of gaddi goats in cold arid zone of Himachal Pradesh.
Indian J. Small Rumin., 11(2): 187-190. |
|
|
5. Dixit, S.P., Verma, N.K., Aggarwal, R.A.K., Vyas, M.K.,
Jyoti, R. and Sharma, A. (2012) Genetic diversity and
relationship among Indian goat breeds based on microsatellite
markers. Small Rumin. Res., 105(1-3): 38-45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.11.026 |
|
|
6. Baumung, R., Simianer, H. and Hoffman, I. (2004) Genetic
diversity studies in farm animals – A survey. J. Anim. Breed.
Genet., 121: 361-373.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2004.00479.x |
|
|
7. Maudet, C., Luikart, G. and Taberlet, P. (2002) Genetic
diversity and assignment tests among seven French cattle
breeds based on microsatellite DNA analysis. J. Anim. Sci.,
80(4): 942-950.
PMid:12002331 |
|
|
8. Baudouin, L., Piry, S. and Cornuet, J.M. (2004) Analytical
bayesian approach for assigning individuals to populations. J.
Hered., 95(3): 217-224.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esh035
PMid:15220388 |
|
|
|
9. Boyce, W.M., Hedrick, P.W., Muggli-Cockett, N.E.,
Kalinowski, S., Penedo, M.C. and Ramey, R.R. (1996) Genetic
variation of major histocompatibilty complex and
microsatellite loci: A comparison in Bighorn sheep. Genetics.,
145(2): 421-433. |
|
|
10. Sharma, A., Dutt, G., Jayakumar, S., Saroha, V., Verma,
N.K. and Dixit, S.P. (2013) Genetic structuring of nine Indian
domestic goat breeds based on SNPs identified in IGF-1 gene.
Anim. Biotechnol., 24(2): 148-157.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2013.763815
PMid:23534960 |
|
|
11. Litt, M. and Lutty, J.A. (1989). A hypervariable
microsatellite revealed by in vitro amplification of a
dinucleotide repeats within the cardiac muscle actin gene. Am.
J. Human Genet., 44(3): 397-401.
PMid:2563634 PMCid:PMC1715430 |
|
|
12. Scribner, K.T., Arntzen, J.W. and Burke, T. (1994)
Comparative analysis of intra and interpopulation genetic
diversity in buffalo, using allozyme, single-locus
microsatellite, minisatellite, and multilocus minisatellite
data. Mol. Biol. Evol., 11: 737-748.
PMid:7968487 |
|
|
13. Machugh, D.E, Loftus, R.T., Bradley, D.G., Sharp, P.M. and
Cunningham, P. (1994) Microsatellite DNA variation within and
among European cattle breeds. Proc. Biol. Sci., 256(1345):
25-31.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1994.0044
PMid:8008754 |
|
|
|
14. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, F. and Maniatis, T. (1989)
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 2nd.ed. Cold Spring
Harbour Cold Spring Laboratory Press, NY. |
|
|
15. Soranzo, N., Provan, J. and Powell, W. (1999) An example
of microsatellite length variation in the mitochondrial genome
of conifers. Genome., 42(158-161): 0831-2796.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-111 |
|
|
16. Kim, K.S., Yeo, J.S., Lee, J.W., Kim, J.W. and Choi, C.B.
(2002) Genetic diversity of goats from Korea and China using
microsatellite analysis. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 15(4):
461-465.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.461 |
|
|
17. Ouafi, A.T., Babilliot, J.M., Leroux, C. and Martin, P.
(2002) Genetic diversity of the two main moroccan goat breeds:
phylogenetic relationships with four breeds reared in France.
Small Rumin. Res., 45(3): 225-233.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(02)00111-6 |
|
|
18. Li, M.H., Li, K. and Zhao, S.H. (2004) Diversity of
Chinese indigenous goat breeds: A conservation perspective.
Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 17(5): 726-732.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.726 |
|
|
|
19. Dixit, S.P., Verma, N.K., Ahlawat, S.P.S. and Aggarwal,
R.A.K. (2008) Molecular genetic characterization of Kutchi
breed of goat. Curr. Sci., 95(7): 946-952. |
|
|
20. Rout, P.K., Joshi, M.B., Mandal, A., Laloe, D., Singh, L.
and Thangaraj, K. (2008) Microsatellite based phylogeny of
Indian domestic goats. BMC Genet., 9: 11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-9-11
PMid:18226239 PMCid:PMC2268706 |
|
|
21. Ramamoorthi, J., Thilagam, K., Sivaselvam, S.N. and
Karthickeyan, S.M. (2009) Genetic characterization of barbari
goats using microsatellite markers. J. Vet. Sci., 10(1):
73-76.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2009.10.1.73
PMCid:PMC2801097 |
|
|
|
22. Rout, P.K, Thangraj, K, Mandal, A. and Roy, R. (2012)
Genetic variation and population structure in Jamunapari goats
using microsatellites, mitochondrial DNA, and milk protein
genes. The Sci. World J., 2012: 618909. |
|
|
|
23. Dixit, S.P., Verma, N.K., Aggarwal, R.A.K., Vyas, M.K.,
Rana, J., Sharma, A. and Chander. R. (2011) Genetic
variability and bottleneck analyses of kanniadu goat breed
based on microsatellite markers. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 81(1):
43-48. |
|
|
24. Kemp, S.J. and Hishida, O. (1995) A panel of polymorphic
bovine, ovine and caprine microsatellite markers. Anim.
Genet., 26(5): 299-306.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.1995.tb02663.x |
|
|
|
25. Botstein, D., White, R.L., Skolnick, M. and Davis, R.W.
(1980) Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using RFLP.
Am. J. Human Genet., 32(3): 324-331. |
|
|
26. Ganai, N.A. and Yadava, B.R. (2001) Genetic variation
within and among three Indian goat breeds using heterologous
microsatellite markers. Anim. Biotechnol., 12(2): 121-136.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ABIO-100108338
PMid:11808627 |
|
|
27. Yang, L., Zhao, S.H., Li, K., Peng, Z.Z. and Montgomery,
G.W. (1999) Determination of genetic relationships among five
indigenous Chinese goat breeds with six microsatellites
markers. Anim. Genet., 30(6): 452-455.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2052.1999.00548.x |
|
|
|
28. Mishra P, Ali, S.A, Kuralkar, V.S, Dixit, S.P, Aggarwal,
K.A.R., Dangi, S.P. and Verma, K.N. (2013) Analysis of genetic
diversity in berari goat population of Maharashtra state.
Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci., 3(3): 553-559. |
|
|
|
29. Verma, N.K., Dixit, S.P., Aggarwal, R.A.K., Dangi, P.S.
and Joshi, B.K. (2010) Phenotypic and genetic characterization
of sangamneri goat breed. The Indian J. Anim. Sci., 80:
1109-1114. |
|
