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R esearch
(Published online:
26-08-2015)
13.
Effect of replacing oat fodder with fresh and chopped oak leaves
on in vitro rumen fermentation, digestibility and
metabolizable energy -
K. Rajkumar, R. Bhar,
A. Kannan, R.V. Jadhav, Birbal Singh and G. Mal
Veterinary World, 8(8): 1021-1026
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2015.1021-1026
K.
Rajkumar:
Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India;
rajkumar_1509@rediffmail.com
R. Bhar:
Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India;
rbharplp@gmail.com
A.
Kannan:
Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India;
akanna72@gmail.com
R. V.
Jadhav:
Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India;
drravindravilas@gmail.com
Birbal
Singh:
Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute,
Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India;
bshpalampur@yahoo.co.in
G. Mal:
Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research
Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India;
gorakh14@yahoo.com
Received:
13-03-2015, Revised: 19-07-2015, Accepted: 27-07-2015, Published
online: 26-08-2015
Corresponding author:
K. Rajkumar, e-mail: rajkumar_1509@rediffmail.com
Citation:
Rajkumar K, Bhar R,
Kannan A, Jadhav RV, SinghB, Mal G (2015) Effect of replacing oat
fodder with fresh and chopped oak leaves on in vitro rumen
fermentation, digestibility and metabolizable energy,
Veterinary World 8(8): 1021-1026.
Abstract
Aim:
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing oat
fodder (OF) with fresh oak leaves (FOL) or chopped oak leaves
(COL) on rumen fermentation and digestibility through in vitro
gas production technique (IVGPT).
Materials and Methods: Nine different diets were prepared by
mixing OF with oak leaves (either FOL or COL) in different ratios
(100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100). The rations were
evaluated through Hohenheim IVGPT with 200 mg substrate and 30 ml
of buffered rumen liquor. All the syringes were incubated at 39°C
for 24 h in buffered rumen liquor of cattle. After 24 h, the total
gas production was recorded, and the contents were analyzed for
in vitro methane production, protozoa no. and ammonia-N.
Results: Chopping (p<0.01) reduced the tannin fractions as
well as non-tannin phenol. Increase in levels of oak decreased
total gas production, methane, organic matter (OM) digestibility,
and metabolizable energy (ME) values. The polyphenol content of
the substrate did not show any significant difference on the
protozoal count.
Conclusion: In vitro studies revealed that the addition
of oak leaves reduced the methane production and ammonia nitrogen
levels; however, it also decreased the OM digestibility and ME
values linearly as the level of the oak leaves increased in the
diet. Chopping was effective only at lower inclusion levels.
Further studies, especially in vivo studies, are needed to
explore the safe inclusion levels of oak leaves in the diet of
ruminants.
Keywords: chopping, in-vitro,
methane, oak leaves, oat fodder.
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