| 
              
              
              Open Access  
Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access 
article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 
 
 
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use, 
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly 
cited. 
 
              
              
              Research 
(Published 
online: 09-02-2015) 
              
              
              3. Effects of fetal bovine serum and estrus 
              buffalo serum on maturation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) 
              oocytes  in vitro -  
              Gopal Puri, S. S. Chaudhary, V. K. Singh and 
              A. K. Sharma 
              Veterinary World, 8(2): 143-146   
              
   
                
                
doi: 
              10.14202/vetworld.2015.143-146 
                  
              Gopal Puri: 
              Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, Vanbandhu 
              College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Navsari 
              Agricultural University, Navsari - 396 450, Gujarat, India; 
              drgopalpuri@gmail.com S. 
              S. Chaudhary: 
              Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, Vanbandhu 
              College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Navsari 
              Agricultural University, Navsari - 396 450, Gujarat, India; 
              sandhyachaudhary@live.com V. 
              K. Singh: 
              Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, Vanbandhu 
              College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Navsari 
              Agricultural University, Navsari - 396 450, Gujarat, India; 
              drvksingh1981@gmail.com A. 
              K. Sharma: Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, 
              Vanbandhu College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, 
              Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari - 396 450, Gujarat, 
              India; drarunvet@gmail.com   
              Received: 04-09-2014, Revised: 22-12-2014, Accepted: 30-12-2014, 
              Published online: 09-02-2015   
              
              
              Corresponding author:
              Gopal Puri, e-mail: drgopalpuri@gmail.com 
 
              Citation:
              Puri G, Chaudhary SS, Singh 
              VK, Sharma AK (2015) Effects of fetal bovine serum and estrus 
              buffalo serum on maturation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) 
              oocytes in vitro, Veterinary World, 8(2): 143-146. 
 
              Abstract 
 Aim:
              The aim was to assess the effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS) 
              and estrus buffalo serum (EBS) on in vitro maturation rate 
              of oocytes in buffalo. 
              Materials and Methods: Maturation rate of oocytes was assessed 
              in two maturation media supplemented with 20% FBS and EBS. Oocytes 
              maturation rate was evaluated on the basis of cumulus cell 
              expansion and extrusion of polar body after 24 h of in vitro
              culture in CO2 incubator. 
              Results: The average percentage of in vitro matured 
              oocytes in FBS was 83.80%, and EBS was 77.45%, respectively. The 
              results revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in maturation 
              rate of oocytes in FBS than EBS.  
              Conclusion: Buffalo oocytes were better in vitro 
              matured in FBS than EBS.  
              Keywords: buffalo oocytes, estrus buffalo 
              serum, fetal bovine serum, in vitro maturation. 
 
              References 
 
                
                  | 1. van der Valk, J., Mellor, D., Brands, R., Fischer, R., 
                  Gruber, F., Gstraunthaler, G., Hellebrekers, L., Hyllner, J., 
                  Jonker, F.H., Prieto, P., Thalen, M. and Baumans, V. (2004) 
                  The humane collection of fetal bovine serum and possibilities 
                  for serum-free cell and tissue culture. Toxicol. In Vitro, 
                  18(1): 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2003.08.009
 PMid:14630056
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 2. Maurer, H. (1986) Towards chemically-defined, serum-free 
                  media for mammalian cell culture. In: Freshney, R. editors. 
                  Animal Cell Culture: A Practical Approach. IRL Press, Oxford. |  
                  |  |  
                  | 3. Jochems, C.E., van der Valk, J.B., Stafleu, F.R. and 
                  Baumans, V. (2002) The use of fetal bovine serum: Ethical or 
                  scientific problem. Altern. Lab. Anim., 30(2): 219-227. PMid:11971757
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 4. Jayme, D.W., Epstein, D.A. and Conrad, D.R. (1988) Fetal 
                  bovine serum alternatives. Nature, 334: 547-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/334547a0
 PMid:3405300
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 5. Hansen, P.J. (2006) Realizing the promise of IVF in 
                  cattle-an overview. Theriogenology, 65(1): 119-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.09.019
 PMid:16253320
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 6. Wang, W.H. (1997) Effect of oocytes maturation media on 
                  development of pig embryos by in vitro fertilization. J. 
                  Reprod. Fertil., 111: 101-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1110101
 PMid:9370973
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 7. Pawshe, C.H., Palanisamy, A., Taneja, M., Jain, S.K. and 
                  Totey, S.M. (1996) Comparison of various maturation treatments 
                  on in vitro maturation of goat oocytes and their early 
                  embryonic development and cell numbers. Theriogenology, 46(6): 
                  971-981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(96)00261-0
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 8. Mahmoud, G.M. and Nawito, M.F. (2003) Cytogenetic 
                  evaluation of in vitro matured buffalo oocytes in different 
                  culture condition. Egypt J. Vet. Sci., 37: 105-116. |  
                  |  |  
                  | 9. Samad, H.A., Khan, I.Q., Rehman, N.U. and Ahmad, N. (1998) 
                  The recovery, in vitro maturation and fertilization of 
                  Nili-Ravi buffalo follicular oocytes. Asian Aust. J. Anim. 
                  Sci., 11: 491-497. |  
                  |  |  
                  | 10. Kobayashi, K., Yamashita, S. and Hoshi, H. (1994) 
                  Influence of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth 
                  factor-α on in vitro maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed 
                  bovine oocytes in a defined medium. J. Reprod. Fertil., 
                  100(2): 349-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.1000439
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 11. Sirard, M.A. and Conean, K. (2006) In vitro maturation and 
                  embryo production in cattle. Methods Mol. Biol., 348: 35-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-154-3_2
 PMid:16988370
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 12. Hyttel, P. (1997) Bovine cumulus oocyte disconnection in 
                  vitro. Anat. Embryol., 176(1): 41-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309750
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 13. Hegab, A.O., Montasser, A.E., Hammam, A.M., Abu El-Naga, 
                  E.M.A. and Zaabel, S.M. (2009) Improving in vitro maturation 
                  and cleavage rates of buffalo oocytes. Anim. Reprod., 6(2): 
                  416-421. |  
                  |  |  
                  | 14. Gstraunthaler, G. (2003) Alternatives to the use of fetal 
                  bovine serum: Serum-free cell culture. ALTEX, 20(4): 275-281. PMid:14671707
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 15. Kito, S. and Bavister, B.D. (1997) Gonadotropins, serum 
                  and amino acids after nuclear maturation, cumulus expansion, 
                  and oocyte morphology in hamster cumulus-oocyte complexes in 
                  vitro. Biol. Reprod., 56(5): 1281-1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod56.5.1281
 PMid:9160729
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 16. Karami Shabankareh, H., Sarsaifi, K. and Mehrannia, T. 
                  (2011) In vitro maturation of ovine oocytes using different 
                  maturation media: Effect of human menopausal serum. J. Assist. 
                  Reprod. Genet., 28(6): 531-537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10815-010-9523-3
 PMid:21152965 PMCid:PMC3158248
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 17. Momozawa, K. and Fukuda, Y. (2011) Effects of fractions of 
                  bovine follicular fluid and fetal bovine serum as supplements 
                  to maturation medium on in vitro development of in vitro 
                  fertilized bovine embryos. J. Mamm. Ova Res., 28(1): 68-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1274/jmor.28.68
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 18. Sreenivas, D., Kaladhar, D.S., Yarla, N.S., Thomas, V.M. 
                  and Palnisamy, A. (2013) Effect of protein supplementation on 
                  in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and in vitro culture of 
                  preimplantation with α-tocopherol supplementation in CR1aa 
                  medium on sheep embryos to the blastocyst stage. J. Allergy. 
                  Ther., 4: 133. |  
                  |  |  
                  | 19. Buccione, R., Schroeder, A.C. and Eppig, J.J. (1990) 
                  Interactions between somatic cells and germ cells throughout 
                  mammalian oogenesis. Biol. Reprod., 43(4): 543-547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod43.4.543
 PMid:2289008
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 20. Mori, T., Amano, T. and Shimizu, H. (2000) Roles of gap 
                  junctional communication of cumulus cells in cytoplasmic 
                  maturation of porcine oocytes cultured in vitro. Biol. 
                  Reprod., 62(4): 913-919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod62.4.913
 PMid:10727260
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 21. Sreenivas D., Kaladhar, D.S., Samy, A.P. and Kumar, R.S. 
                  (2012) Understanding mechanism of in vitro maturation, 
                  fertilization and culture of sheep embryoes through in silico 
                  analysis. Bioinformation, 8(21): 1030-1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630081030
 PMid:23275702 PMCid:PMC3524884
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 22. Paramio, M.T. (2010) In vivo and in vitro embryo 
                  production in goats. Small Rumin. Res., 89: 144-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.12.037
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 23. Wani, A.R., Khan, M.Z., Sofi, K.A., Lone, F.A. and Malik, 
                  A.A., Bhat, F.A. (2012) Effect of cysteamine and epidermal 
                  growth factor (EGF) supplementation in maturation medium on in 
                  vitro maturation, fertilization and culturing of embryos in 
                  sheep. Small Rumin. Res., 106: 160-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.02.015
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 24. Karami, S.H. and Akhondi, M. (2012) Effect of glucose 
                  levels and MEM vitamins during the first step of IVC in 
                  synthetic oviduct fluid medium on in vitro development of 
                  ovine zygotes. Small Rumin. Res., 106: 54-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.04.023
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 25. Kaladhar, D.S.V.G., Chandra, S.P., Nageswara, R.P.V., 
                  Krishna, C.A. and Govinda, R.D., Rao, V., Reddy, R., Kumar, 
                  V., Kumar, V., Reddy, B. (2012) Protein interaction networks 
                  in metalloproteins and docking approaches of metallic 
                  compounds with TIMP and MMP in control of MAPK pathway. Lett. 
                  Drug Des. Discov., 10: 49-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180811309010049
 |  
                  |  |  
                  | 26. Grad, I., Gajda, B. and Smorag, Z. (2010) Effect of plant 
                  protein supplementation on in vitro development of porcine 
                  embryos. Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep., 28: 271-279. |  
                  |  |  
                  | 27. Farag, I.M., Girgis, S.M., Hassan, N.H.A., Khalil, W.K.B., 
                  Sakr, A.A.M. and Ali, N.I. (2010) Effect of protein additives 
                  on in vitro maturation of Egyptian sheep oocytes with 
                  reference to seasonal variation effects on yield and quality 
                  of oocytes. J. Am. Sci., 6(10): 588-599. |  
                  |  |  
                  | 28. Abid, M., Anwar, M., Sayed, M., Hassan, A., Muhammad, A., 
                  Saqlan, N.S.M. (2011) In vitro maturation and fertilization of 
                  buffalo oocytes: The effect of recovery and maturation 
                  methods. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 35(6): 381-386. |  
                  |  |  
                  | 29. Farag, I.M., Girgis, S.M., Khalil, W.K.B., Hassan, N.H.A., 
                  Sakr, A.A.M., Abd Allah, S.M. and Ali, N.I. (2009) Effect of 
                  hormones, culture media and oocyte quality on in vitro 
                  maturation of Egyptian Sheep oocytes. J. Appl. Biosci., 24: 
                  1520-1534. |  |