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Research
(Published
online: 29-01-2015)
21.
In vitro utilization of lime
treated olive cake as a component of complete feed for small
ruminants - A. Ishfaq, R. K. Sharma, A. Rastogi, B. A.
Malla and J. Farooq
Veterinary World, 8(1): 109-115
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2015.109-115
A.
Ishfaq: Division
of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu
and Kashmir, India;
shfa758@gmail.com
R.
K. Sharma:
Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu
and Kashmir, India;
rksann@rediffmail.com
A.
Rastogi: Division
of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu
and Kashmir, India;
dr_ankur76@rediffmail.com
B.
A. Malla:
Department of Animal Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute,
Karnal, India:
bilal.ahmad368@gmail.com
J.
Farooq: Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary
Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &
Technology of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
javid_farooq@yahoo.co.in
Received: 24-08-2014, Revised: 17-12-2014, Accepted: 25-12-2014,
Published online: 29-01-2015
Corresponding author:
A. Ishfaq, e-mail: shfa758@gmail.com
Abstract
Aim:
The current in vitro study was carried out to determine
the chemical composition and inclusion level of lime treated olive
cake on acid detergent fiber (ADF) replacement basis in adult male
goats.
Materials and Methods: Crude olive cake was collected and
evaluated for proximate composition and protein fractionation. It
was treated with 6% lime and incubated for 1 week under room
temperature in 2 kg sealed polythene bags and was evaluated for
proximate composition after incubation. Different isonitrogenous
complete diets containing 0-50% of lime treated olive cake on ADF
replacement basis were formulated as per the requirement of adult
male goats. In ADF replacement, fiber and concentrate sources were
replaced by lime treated olive cake by replacing the 0-50% ADF
percentage of the total 40% ADF value of complete feed. The
formulated complete diets were tested for in vitro
degradation parameters.
Results: Treatment of olive cake with 6% slaked lime increased
availability of cellulose and alleviated digestibility depression
caused by high ether extract percentage. Organic matter, nitrogen
free extract, ADF and neutral detergent fiber were significantly
lowered by lime treatment of olive cake. The cornell net
carbohydrate and protein system analysis showed that
non-degradable protein represented by acid detergent insoluble
nitrogen (ADIN) was 21.71% whereas the non-available protein
represented by neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) was
38.86% in crude olive cake. The in vitro dry matter
degradation (IVDMD) values were comparable at all replacement
levels. However, a point of inflection was observed at 40% ADF
replacement level, which was supported by truly degradable organic
matter (TDOM), microbial biomass production (MBP), efficiency of
MBP and partitioning factor values (PF).
Conclusion: In our study, we concluded that there is
comparable difference in composition of Indian olive cake when
compared with European olive cake. The most important finding was
that about 78% of nitrogen present in Indian olive cake is
available to animal in contrary to that of European olive cake. We
concluded from in vitro studies that Indian olive cake can
be included in complete feed at 30% level (w/w; 40% ADF
replacement) for feeding in small ruminants without compromising
in vitro degradability of the feed.
Keywords: acid detergent insoluble nitrogen-non, lime, male
goats, olive cake, truly degradable organic matter
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