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R esearch
(Published online: 30-03-2015)
30.
Occurrence and Distribution of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium
bovis) in Slaughtered cattle in the abattoirs of Bauchi State,
Nigeria
-
Adamu
Saleh Saidu, E. C. Okolocha, A. A. Gamawa, M. Babashani and N. A.
Bakari
Veterinary World, 8(3): 432-437
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2015.432-437
Adamu Saleh Saidu:
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine,
Ahmadu Bello University, PMB, 1013, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria;
adamudvm13@gmail.com
E. C. Okolocha:
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine,
Ahmadu Bello University, PMB, 1013, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria;
eokolocha@yahoo.com
A. A. Gamawa:
Department of Animal Health, College of Agriculture, Bauchi State,
Nigeria;
abdulkadir01vet@yahoo.com
M. Babashani:
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB, 1013,
Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria;
mbabashani@abu.edu.ng
N. A. Bakari: Department of
Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello
University, PMB, 1013, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria;
nanaessha@gmail.com
Received:
27-10-2014, Revised: 12-02-2015, Accepted: 17-02-2015, Published
online: 30-03-2015
Corresponding author:
Adamu Saleh Saidu, e-mail:
adamudvm13@gmail.com
Citation:
Saidu
AS, Okolocha EC, Gamawa AA, Babashani M, Bakari NA (2015)
Occurrence and distribution of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium
bovis) in slaughtered cattle in the abattoirs of Bauchi State,
Nigeria. Veterinary World, 8(3):432-437.
Abstract
Aim: This study was aimed to
determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in
slaughtered cattle in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The cause (s) of
grossly suspected bTB lesions encountered at the abattoirs during
post-mortem (PM), as whether due to Mycobacterium bovis
alone or together with other acid fast bacilli (AFB).
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional abattoir based study
was conducted on 800 cattle slaughtered in the Northern, Central
and Southern zonal abattoirs of Bauchi State, Nigeria, from June
to August 2013; using PM meat inspection, Ziehl- Neelsen staining
(ZN) and confirmatory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.
Results: The occurrence of bTB lesions from the organs of
slaughtered cattle in Bauchi State, showed that the lungs had the
highest number of suspected tissues 65 (54.20%), followed by the
lymph nodes 28 (23.30%) while the heart, liver, spleen, intestines
and mammary glands had the other 8.3%, 6.7%, 5.0%, 1.7%, and 0.8%,
suspected tissues respectively. By ZN microscopic staining all
100% (2/2) of the intestines were positive for bTB, followed by
the heart with 50% (5/10), then the lungs 29.23% (19/65); while
the liver, lymph nodes, and spleen had 25%, 21.43% and 16.67%
respectively were tested positive for bTB. It was only the mammary
gland that tested negative for bTB in all the suspected tissues
sampled. By PCR, the intestines had the highest positive bTB with
100% (2/2), followed by the liver with 12.5% (1/8), and then the
lungs with 7.8% (5/65). The lymph nodes had 7.14% (2/28) tissues
that tested positive for bTB. However, the spleen, heart and
mammary gland were all tested negative with 0%; indicating that
the false positive for bTB detected by ZN were confirmed by PCR.
While based on the location of the abattoirs in the three
senatorial zones of Bauchi State, Bauchi zonal abattoir had the
highest number of suspected bTB cases 75 (62.50%), followed by
Katagum zonal slaughter house with 32 (26.7%) and then Misau with
13 (10.8%). By the ZN staining technique, there were 25 (33.33%)
positivity in Bauchi Zonal abattoir, while Katagum and Misau
abattoirs had 9 (28.13%) and 1 (7.72%) positive respectively. By
the PCR technique, 9 (12.00%), 1 (3.13%) and 0 (0.00%) positive
cases were recorded for Bauchi, Katagum and Misau abattoirs
respectively.
Conclusion: The present study estimated the prevalence rate of
bTB in Bauchi State, using PM, ZN and PCR techniques at 15.0%,
29.16% and 8.33%, respectively. Bovine TB lesions found at PM were
not all due to M. bovis alone, as other MTBC and AFB
organisms may cause bTB-like lesions that were excluded by PCR
specific primers. The prevalence of bTB was higher in Bauchi
abattoir that supplies larger population of the state with beef.
These findings also demonstrate the urgent need for public health
authorities in the state to intervene in the control of the
zoonotic bTB.
Keywords: abattoir, Bauchi state, bovine TB, PCR, post-mortem,
Ziehl-Neelsen.
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