Veterinary World

     Open access and peer reviewed journal  

ISSN (Online): 2231-0916

 

Home l Editorial board l Instructions for authors l Reviewer guideline l Open access policy l Archives l FAQ


Open Access

Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.


Research (Published online: 21-11-2015)

6. Therapeutic management of botulism in dairy cattle - S. Jegaveera Pandian, M. Subramanian, G. Vijayakumar, G. A. Balasubramaniam and K. Sukumar

Veterinary World, 8(11): 1305-1309

 

 

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1305-1309

 

S. Jegaveera Pandian: Division of Livestock and Fisheries Management, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India; jeganicar@gmail.com

M. Subramanian: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal- 637 002, Tamil Nadu, India; subramanianvet1955@gmail.com

G. Vijayakumar: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal- 637 002, Tamil Nadu, India; drvijaymvc@gmail.com

G. A. Balasubramaniam: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal- 637 002, Tamil Nadu, India; gabalasubramaniam@gmail.com

K. Sukumar: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli- 627 001, Tamil Nadu, India; drksugu@gmail.com

 

Received: 08-06-2015, Revised: 26-10-2015, Accepted: 05-10-2015, Published online: 21-11-2015

 

Corresponding author: S. Jegaveera Pandian, e-mail: jeganicar@gmail.com


Citation: Pandian SJ, Subramanian M, Vijayakumar G, Balasubramaniam GA, Sukumar K (2015) Therapeutic management of botulism in dairy cattle, Veterinary World 8(11): 1305-1309.



Aim: To report the successful recovery of few dairy cattle from botulism in response to a modified therapeutic strategy.

Materials and Methods: Seventy four naturally-occurring clinical cases of bovine botulism encountered during the period of 2012-2014 which were confirmed by mouse lethality test became material for this study. Affected animals were made into three groups based on the treatment modifications made during the course of study.

Results and Discussion: With the modified therapeutic regimen, 17 animals recovered after 7-10 days of treatment. Clinical recovery took 2-30 days. Animals which were not given intravenous fluid and calcium recovered uneventfully. Cattle which were already treated with intravenous fluids, calcium borogluconate, and antibiotics did not recover. They were either died or slaughtered for salvage.

Conclusion: In cattle with botulism, administration of Vitamin AD3E and activated charcoal aid the clinical recovery. Besides, strictly avoiding anti-clostridial antibiotics, fluid therapy, and calcium therapy may facilitate the clinical recovery. Upon fluid administration, the pulmonary congestion existed in the ailing cattle might have worsened the anoxia. Administration of antibiotics like penicillin, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines further worsen the neuronal paralysis by increasing the availability of botulinum neurotoxin. Cattle in early botulism have fair chances of recovery with the modified therapy.

Keywords: botulism, cattle, neurotoxin, paralysis, therapy.



1. Valerio, E., Chaves, S. and Tenreiro, R. (2010) Diversity and impact of prokaryotic toxins on aquatic environments: A review. Toxins, 2: 2359-2410.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins2102359
PMid:22069558 PMCid:PMC3153167
 
2. Tanwar, R.K., Kataria, A.K., Goun, A.A., Vyas, S.K. and Gahlot, A.K. (2003) An investigation of botulism in cattle in Jaisalmer and Jodhpur districts. Vet. Pract.,4: 113-115.
 
3. Kataria, A.K., Kataria, N., Tanwar, R.K. and Gahlot, A.K. (2009) Field diagnosis of botulism in cattle. Indian Cow,4: 53-55.
 
4. Hannett, G.E., Stone, W.B., Davis, S.W. and Wroblewski, D. (2011) Biodiversity of Clostridium botulinum type E associated with a large outbreak of botulism in wildlife from Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 77: 1061-1068.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01578-10
PMid:21115703 PMCid:PMC3028746
 
5. Vidal, D., Anza, L., Taggart, M.A., Perez-Ramirez, E., Crespo, E., Hofle, U.and Mateo, R. (2013) Environmental factors influencing the prevalence of a Clostridium botulinum type C/D mosaic starin in nonpermanent Mediterranean wetlands. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 79(14): 4264-4271.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01191-13
PMid:23645197 PMCid:PMC3697518
 
6. Payne, J.H., Hogg, R.A., Otter, A., Roest, H.I.J. and Livesey, C.T. (2011) Emergence of suspected type D botulism in ruminants in England and Wales (2001 to 2009) associated with exposure to broiler litter. Vet. Rec.,168: 640-643.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.d1846
PMid:21652657
 
7. Ramirez-Romero, R., Ramirez-Hernandez, C., Garcia-Marquez, L.J., Macedo-Barragan, R.J., Martinez-Burnes, J. and Lopez-Mayagoitia, A. (2014) Bovine diseases causing neurological signs and death in Mexican feedlots. Trop. Anim. HealthProd., 46: 823-829.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0572-y
PMid:24671754 PMCid:PMC4019820
 
8. Vanella de Cuetos, E.E., Fernandez, R.A., Bianco, M.I., Sartori, O.J., Piovano, M.L., Lu’quez, C. and de Jong, L.I.T. (2011) Equine botulinum antitoxin for the treatment of infant botulism. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 18: 1845-1849.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.05261-11
PMid:21918119 PMCid:PMC3209035
 
9. Anniballi, F., Fiore, A., Lofstrom, C., Skarin, H., Auricchio, B., Woudstra, C., Bano, L., Segerman, B., Koene, M., Baeverud, V., Hansen, T., Fach, P., Tevell Aberg, A., Hedeland, M., Engvall, E.O and Medici, D.D. (2013) Management of animal botulism outbreaks: From clinical suspicion to practical countermeasures to prevent or minimize outbreaks. Biosecur. Bioterror.,11(1): S191-S199.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bsp.2012.0089
 
10. Rosenberger, G. (1979) Clinical Examination of Cattle. 1sted. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg.
 
11. Benjamin, M.M. (1995) Outline of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 3rded. Iowa State University Press, Ames, USA.
 
12. Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Botulism in the United States, 1899-1996. (1998)Handbook for Epidemiologists, Clinicians and Laboratory Workers. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
 
13. Lindstrom, M. and Korkeala, H. (2006) Laboratory diagnosis of botulism. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.,19: 298-314.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.19.2.298-314.2006
PMid:16614251 PMCid:PMC1471988
 
14. Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Blood, D.C. and Hinchcliff, K.W. (2009) Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 9thed. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia. p1852-1858.
 
15. Num, M. and Useh, N.M. (2014) Botulism in man and animals. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17(4): 241-266.
 
16. Martin, S. (2003) Clostridium botulinum type D intoxication in a dairy herd in Ontario. Can. Vet. J.,44: 493-495.
PMid:12839245 PMCid:PMC340177
 
17. Jean, D., Fecteau, G., Scott, D., Higgins, R. and Quessy, S. (1995) Clostridium botulinum type C intoxication in feedlot steers being fed ensiled poultry litter. Can.Vet. J.,36: 626-628.
PMid:8640637 PMCid:PMC1687102
 
18. Heider, L.C., McClure, J.T. and Leger, E.R. (2001) Presumptive diagnosis of Clostridium botulinum type D intoxication in a herd of feedlot cattle.Can. Vet. J.,42: 210-212.
PMid:11265191 PMCid:PMC1476456
 
19. Cammack, J. (2007) Recovery from botulism. Vet. Rec., 161: 175.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.161.5.175
PMid:17675640
 
20. Kummel, J., Krametter-Foescher, R., Six, G., Brunthaler, R., Baumgartner, B. and Altenbrunner- Martinek,B. (2012)Descriptive study of botulism in an Austrian dairy herd: A case report.Vet. MedCzech,57: 143-149.
 
21. Braun, U., Feige, K., Schweizer, G. and Pospischil, A. (2005) Clinical findings and treatment of 30 cattle with botulism.Vet. Rec., 156: 438-441.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.156.14.438
PMid:15828724
 
22. Senturk, S. and Cihan, H. (2007) Outbreak of botulism in a dairy herd in Turkey.Irish Vet. J.,60: 481-484.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2046-0481-60-8-481
PMCid:PMC3113833