Open Access
Copyright: The authors. This article is an open access
article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly
cited.
R esearch
(Published online:
23-10-2015)
13. Evaluation of antigout
activity of Phyllanthus emblica fruit extracts on potassium
oxonate-induced gout rat model -
Vaidehi N. Sarvaiya, Kamlesh A. Sadariya, Prakash G. Pancha, Aswin
M. Thaker, Aashish C. Patel and Ankit S. Prajapati
Veterinary World, 8(10): 1230-1236
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2015.1230-1236
Vaidehi N. Sarvaiya:
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand
Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India; vaidehisarvaiya@gmail.com
Kamlesh A. Sadariya:
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand
Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India; dr_kasadariya@yahoo.co.in
Prakash G. Pancha:
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand
Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India; prakash.pancha@ymail.com
Aswin M. Thaker:
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand
Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India; amthaker@aau.in
Aashish C. Patel:
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary
Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand,
Gujarat, India;
aashishvet@gmail.com
Ankit S. Prajapati: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College
of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural
University, Anand, Gujarat, India;
ankitprjpt1@gmail.com
Received: 27-05-2015, Revised: 06-09-2015, Accepted: 11-09-2015,
Published online: 23-10-2015
Corresponding author:
Kamlesh A. Sadariya, e-mail: dr_kasadariya@yahoo.co.in
Citation:
Sarvaiya VN, Sadariya
KA, Pancha PG, Thaker AM, Patel AC, Prajapati AS (2015) Evaluation
of antigout activity of Phyllanthus emblica fruit extracts
on potassium oxonateinduced gout rat model, Veterinary World 8(10):1230-1236.
Abstract
Aim:
The present study has been conducted to evaluate antigout
activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Phyllanthus
emblica fruits following its 28 days repeated oral
administration on potassium oxonate-induced gout rat model.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 42 male
Sprague-Dawely rats dividing them in seven groups having six rats
in each group. Groups I, II, and III served as vehicle control
group, gout control group, and standard treatment control group,
respectively. Rats of all the groups except vehicle control group
were administered potassium oxonate at 250 mg/kg (IP), throughout
the study period (28 days) for induction of gout. Groups IV and V
received aqueous extract of P. emblica at 200 and 400
mg/kg, and Groups VI and VII received alcoholic extract of P.
emblica at 200 and 400 mg/kg (daily oral for 28 days). At the
end of study, all the rats were subjected to blood collection;
blood and serum sample were analyzed for hematological and
biochemical parameters, respectively. After collection of blood
samples on the 29 th day, all the rats were
sacrificed and subjected to post mortem examination to determine
the presence or absence of gross and histopathological lesions in
kidney tissues.
Results: At the end of study, rats of gout control group
showed increase in platelets counts, serum creatinine, uric acid,
blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme level
along with alterations in kidney tissues as compared to vehicle
control group. Gouty rats treated with aqueous and alcoholic
extracts of P. emblica at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and
standard treatment allopurinol at 5 mg/kg body weight showed
reduction in platelets counts, serum creatinine, uric acid, BUN,
and XO enzyme level along with significant improvements in
histological structure of kidney as compared to rats of gout
control group.
Conclusion: Oral administration of aqueous and alcoholic
extracts of P. emblica fruits for 28 days has shown
protection against gout in dose-dependent manner in rats.
Keywords: antigout activity, gout rat model,
Phyllanthus emblica fruits, potassium oxonate.
References
1. Corrado, A., D'Onofrio, F., Santoro, N., Melillo, N. and
Cantore, F.P. (2006) Pathogenesis, clinical findings and
management of acute and chronic gout. Minerva Med.,97:
495-509.
PMid:17213786 |
|
|
2. Stamp, L.K., O'Donnell, J.L. and Chapman, P.T. (2007)
Emerging therapies in the long-term management of
hyperuricaemia and gout. Intern.Med. J.,37(4): 258-266.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01315.x
PMid:17388867 |
|
|
3. Falasca, G.F. (2006) Metabolic diseases: Gout. Clin.
Dermatol.,24(6): 498-508.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.07.015
PMid:17113968 |
|
|
4. Nuki, G. and Simkin, P.A. (2006) A concise history of gout
and hyperuricemia and their treatment. Arthritis Res. Ther.,8(1):
S1-S5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar1906
PMid:16820040 PMCid:PMC3226106 |
|
|
5. Unno, T., Sugimoto, A. and Kakuda, T. (2004) Xanthine
oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa
(L.) Pers. J. Ethnopharmacol.,93: 391-395.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.04.012
PMid:15234783 |
|
|
6. Pacher, P., Nivorozhkin, A. and Szabó, C. (2006)
Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors:
Renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol.
Pharmacol. Rev.,58(1): 87-114.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.58.1.6
PMid:16507884 PMCid:PMC2233605 |
|
|
7. Kong, L.D., Yang, C., Ge, F., Wang, H.D. and Guo, Y.S.
(2004) A Chinese herbal medicine Ermiao wan reduces serum uric
acid level and inhibits liver xanthine dehydrogenase and
xanthine oxidase in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol.,93(2-3): 325-330.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.04.008
PMid:15234772 |
|
|
|
8. Kumar, A., Singh, A. and Dora, J.(2012)Essentials
perspectives for Emblica officinalis.Int. J. Pharm. Chem.
Sci.,1(1): 11-18. |
|
|
|
9. Pandey, G. and Pandey, S.P. (2011) Phytochemical and
toxicity study of Emblica officinalis (Amla). Int. Res. J.
Pharm., 2(3): 270-272. |
|
|
10. Yonetani, Y. and Iwaki, K. (1983) Effects of uricosuric
drugs and diuretics on uric acid excretion in oxonate-treated
rats. Jpn. J. Pharmacol.,33(5): 947-954.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jjp.33.947 |
|
|
11. Sorg, D.A. and Buckner, B. (1964) A simple method of
obtaining venous blood from small laboratory animals. Proc.
Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 115: 1131-1132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/00379727-115-29134
PMid:14166577 |
|
|
|
12. Mohamed, D.A. and Al-Okbi, S.Y. (2008) Evaluation of
anti-gout activity of some plant food extracts. Pol. J. Food
Nutr. Sci.,58(3): 389-395. |
|
|
13. Haidari, F., Mohammad, S.M., Keshavarz, S.A. and Rashidi,
M.R. (2009) Inhibitory effects of tart cherry (Prunus cerasus)
juice on xanthine oxidoreductase activity and its hypouricemic
and antioxidant effects on rats. Malays. J. Nutr.,15(1):
53-64.
PMid:22691805 |
|
|
14. Sanchez-Lozada, L.G., Soto, V., Tapia, E., Avila-Casado,
C., Sautin, Y.Y., Nakagawa, T., Franco, M., Rodrı´guez-Iturbe,
B. and Johnson, R.J. (2008) Role of oxidative stress in the
renal abnormalities induced by experimental hyperuricemia. Am.
J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.,295: F1134-F1141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00104.2008 |
|
|
15. Hartwell, D.W. and Wagner, D.D. (1999) New discoveries
with mice mutant in endothelial and platelet selectins.
Thromb. Haemost.,82(2): 850-857.
PMid:10605793 |
|
|
16. Gasparyan, A.Y., Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou, A., Mikhailidis,
D.P., Toms, T.E., Douglas, K.M.J. and Kitas, G.D. (2010)
Platelet function in rheumatoid arthritis: Arthritic and
cardiovascular implications. Rheumatol. Int.,31(2): 153-164.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-010-1446-x
PMid:20390282 |
|
|
17. Wang, F., Wang, N.S., Yan, C.G., Li, J.H. and Tang, L.Q.
(2007) The significance of platelet activation in rheumatoid
arthritis. Clin. Rheumatol.,26:768-771.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-007-0550-0
PMid:17279322 |
|
|
18. Voudoukis, E., Karmiris, K. and Koutroubakis, I.E. (2014)
Multipotent role of platelets in inflammatory bowel diseases:
A clinical approach. World J. Gastroenterol.,20(12):
3180-3190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i12.3180
PMid:24696603 PMCid:PMC3964390 |
|
|
|
19. Savala, N.K., Haritha, P.N. and Narasu, M.L. (2012)
Haematological studies of Emblica officinalis formulation on
Wistar rats. Int. J. Med. Health Sci.,1(2): 29-34. |
|
|
|
20. Quinto, D.G., Mafel, Y. and Lora, D.A.T. (2012) The
hypouricemic effects of the lyophilized fruit juice of Morinda
citrifolia and lyophilized commercial noni juice in
oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Int. J. Pharm. Front.
Res.,2(3): 26-35. |
|
|
|
21. Basah, K., Elya, B., Amin, J. and Julian, M.I. (2011)
Activity of ethanolic extract from Justicia gendarussa Burm.
leaves on decreasing the uric acid plasma. Makara
Sains.,15(1): 67-70. |
|
|
22. Hu, Q.H., Zhu, J.X., Ji, J., Wei, L.L., Miao, M.X. and Ji,
H. (2013)Fructus Gardenia extract ameliorates oxonate-induced
hyperuricemia with renal dysfunction in mice by regulating
organic ion transporters and mOIT3. Molecules,18: 8976-8993.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules18088976
PMid:23899832 |
|
|
23. Mo, S.F., Zhou, F., Lv, Y.Z., Hu, Q.H., Zhang, D.M. and
Kong, L.D. (2007) Hypouricemic action of selected flavonoids
in mice: Structure–activity relationships. Biol. Pharm.
Bull.,30(8): 1551-1556.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.1551 |
|
|
|
24. Raju, R., Joseph, S., Scria, S., Mathews, S.M. and
Umamheshwari, M. (2012) Effect of the fractions of Erythrina
stricta leaf extract on serum urate levels and Xo/Xdh
activities in oxonate-induced hyperuricaemic mice. J. Appl.
Pharm. Sci., 2(2): 89-94. |
|
|
25. Krishnaveni, M. and Mirunalini, S. (2010) Therapeutic
potential of Phyllanthus emblica (Amla): The ayurvedic wonder.
J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol.,21(1): 93-105.
PMid:20506691 |
|
|
26. Eevuri, T.R. and Putturu, R. (2013) Use of certain herbal
preparations in broiler feeds - A review. Vet. World, 6(3):
172-179.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2013.172-179 |
|
|
27. Vijaya, P.V., Sowmya, P., Arun Felix, T., Baskaran, R. and
Poornima, P. (2011) Protective effect of gallic acid against
lindane induced toxicity in experimental rats. Food Chem.
Toxicol.,49(4): 991-998.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.01.005
PMid:21219962 |
|
|
28. Nabavi, S.F., Habtemariam, S., Jafari, M., Sureda, A. and
Nabavi, S.M. (2012) Protective role of gallic acid on sodium
fluoride induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol.,89(1): 73-77.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0645-4
PMid:22531840 |
|
|
29. Peng, C.C., Hsieh, C.L., Wang, H.E., Chung, J.Y., Chen,
K.C. and Peng, R.Y. (2012) Ferulic acid is nephrodamaging
while gallic acid is renal protective in long term treatment
of chronic kidney disease. Clin. Nutr.,31(3): 405-414.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2011.11.003
PMid:22154988 |
|
|
30. Choi, H.K., Atkinson, K., Karlson, E.W. and Curhan, G.
(2005) Obesity, weight change, hypertension, diuretic use, and
risk of gout in men: The health professionals follow-up study.
Arch. Intern. Med.,165: 742-748.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.7.742
PMid:15824292 |
|
