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R esearch
(Published online:
22-09-2015)
14. Prevalence
of Cryptosporidia, Eimeria, Giardia,
and
Strongyloides in pre-weaned calves on smallholder dairy farms
in Mukurwe-ini district, Kenya -
Getrude Shepelo Peter,
George Karuoya Gitau, Charles Matiku Mulei, John Vanleeuwen,
Shauna Richards, Jeff Wichtel, Fabienne Uehlinger and Omwando
Mainga
Veterinary World, 8(9): 1118-1125
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2015.1118-1125
Getrude Shepelo Peter:
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi, Kenya;
shepelog@gmail.com
George Karuoya Gitau:
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi,
Kenya;
gkgitau@uonbi.ac.ke
Charles Matiku Mulei:
Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi,
Kenya;
cmulei@uonbi.ac.ke
John
Vanleeuwen:
Department of Health Management, Centre for Veterinary
Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University
of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown PEI
Canada, C1A 4P3;
jvanleeuwen@upei.ca
Shauna Richards:
Department of Health Management, Centre for Veterinary
Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University
of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown PEI
Canada, C1A 4P3;
srichards@upei.ca
Jeff
Wichtel:
Department of Health Management, Centre for Veterinary
Epidemiological Research, Atlantic Veterinary College, University
of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown PEI
Canada, C1A 4P3;
jwichtel@upei.ca
Fabienne Uehlinger:
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive,
Saskatoon SK Canada, S7N 5B4, Canada;
f.uehlinger@usask.ca
Omwando Mainga: Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and
Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi,
P.O. Box 29053-00625, Kangemi, Kenya;
alfredomwando@gmail.com
Received: 07-04-2015, Revised: 16-08-2015, Accepted: 23-08-2015,
Published online: 22-09-2015
Corresponding author:
Getrude Shepelo Peter, e-mail: shepelog@gmail.com
Citation:
Peter SG, Gitau GK,
Mulei CM, Vanleeuwen J, Richards S, Wichtel J, Uehlinger F, Mainga
O (2015) Prevalence of Cryptosporidia, Eimeria, Giardia,
and
Strongyloides in pre-weaned calves on smallholder dairy farms
in Mukurwe-ini district, Kenya, Veterinary World 8(9):
1118-1125.
Abstract
Aim:
Gastrointestinal diseases are among the leading causes of calf
morbidity and mortality in Kenya and elsewhere. This study was
undertaken to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidia,
Eimeria, Giardia, and Strongyloides in calves on
smallholder dairy farms (SDF) in Mukurwe-ini District, Nyeri
County, Kenya. These infections have been associated with economic
losses by decreased growth rates, decreased productivity, and
increased susceptibility to other diseases.
Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted on
109 farms in Mukurwe-ini District, Nyeri County, Kenya, where 220
calf fecal samples (each calf at 4 and 6 weeks of age) from 110
calves (1 set of twins) were collected and analyzed for
Cryptosporidia, Eimeria, Giardia, and helminth
parasites.
Results: Eimeria oocysts, Cryptosporidia oocysts,
and Strongyloides eggs were detected in the fecal samples
examined, but no Giardia cysts were found. The overall
period prevalence of Eimeria, Cryptosporidia, and
Strongyloides was 42.7% (47/110), 13.6% (15/110), and 5.4%
(6/110), respectively. The prevalence at 4 weeks of age for
Eimeria, Cryptosporidia, and Strongyloides was 30.0%
(33/110), 8.2% (9/110), and 3.7% (4/109), respectively, while the
prevalence at 6 weeks of age was 20.2% (22/109), 6.5% (7/107), and
2.7% (3/110), respectively. There was, however, no significant
difference in the prevalence at 4 and 6 weeks (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Findings from this study show that Eimeria,
Cryptosporidia, and Strongyloides, are prevalent in the
study area and indicate the need to adopt optimal management
practices to control infections in calves.
Keywords: Cryptosporidia, Eimeria,
Giardia, pre-weaned calves, smallholder dairy farms,
Strongyloides.
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