Open Access
Research
(Published
online: 03-12-2016)
2.
Gastrointestinal nematode larvae in
the grazing land of cattle in Guwahati, Assam -
Meena Das, D. K. Deka, S. Islam, P. C. Sarmah
and K. Bhattacharjee
Veterinary World, 9(12): 1343-1347
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.1343-1347
Meena Das :
Division of
Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam,
Meghalaya, India;
meenad3@gmail.com
D. K. Deka :
Department of
Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati, Assam,
India;
dekadilip1953@gmail.com
S. Islam :
Department of
Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati, Assam,
India;
isaidul@yahoo.com
P. C. Sarmah :
Department of
Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati, Assam,
India;
pcsarmah@gmail.com
K. Bhattacharjee :
Department of
Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guwahati, Assam,
India; kantabhatta@gmail.com
Received: 25-07-2016, Accepted: 03-11-2016, Published online:
03-12-2016
Corresponding author:
Meena Das,
e-mail: meenad3@gmail.com
Citation:
Das M, Deka DK, Islam S, Sarmah PC, Bhattacharjee K (2016)
Gastrointestinal nematode larvae in the grazing land of cattle in
Guwahati, Assam, Veterinary World, 9(12): 1343-1347.
Abstract
Aim:
To know the
prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode larvae (L3)
in the grazing land of cattle in Guwahati, Kamrup district, Assam.
Materials and
Methods:
Pastures were
collected and examined for the presence of nematode larvae (L3)
from six localities of Guwahati at monthly interval from August
2012 to July 2013. The counted larvae were then expressed as per
kg dry matter of herbage (L3/kg
DM).
Results:
Examination of
pastures revealed presence of nematode larvae (L3)
in pastures throughout the year which varied from 4.5 L3/kg
DM in January to a maximum of 106.33 L3/kg
DM in August. The L3
of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus
spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Cooperia spp., and
Mecistocirrus spp. were recovered from pastures. The
average pasture larval burden (PLB) was 34.75±3.48 L3/kg
DM. Season-wise PLB revealed the presence of 23.89±3.01,
67.54±5.41, 26.67±1.92, and 7.28±0.89 L3/kg
DM during pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons,
respectively. Monsoon season has significant (p<0.05) effect on
PLB. However, analysis of variance of different locations with
respect to season revealed that there was no significant
difference but season-wise it was highly significant (p<0.01).
Pearson correlation of environmental variables (temperature,
relative humidity, and rainfall) with PLB revealed correlation was
statistically significant with rainfall (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
This
study reveals the presence of five nematode larvae (L3)
in the pastures of Guwahati, Assam throughout the year,
statistically significant during monsoon season.
Keywords:
Assam, cattle, Guwahati, nematode larvae (L3),
pastures.
References
|
1. Livestock Census. (2012) 19th Livestock Census, Department
of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Ministry of
Agriculture, Government of India. |
|
|
|
2. Economic Survey, Assam. (2012-2013) Directorate of
Economics and Statistics, Assam. Planning and Development
Department, Government of Assam. |
|
|
|
3. Saddiqi, H.A., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M.N. and Muhammad, G.
(2010) Comparative resistance of sheep breeds to Haemonchus
contortus in a natural pasture infection. Int. J. Agric.
Biol., 12: 739-743. |
|
|
|
4. Fikru, R., Teshale, S., Reta, D. and Yosef, K. (2006)
Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of ruminants in
Western Oromia, Ethiopia. Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 4:
51-57. |
|
|
|
5. Soulsby, E.J.L. (1986) Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa
of Domestic Animals. 7th ed. Bailliere, Tindall and Cassell,
London. |
|
|
6. Hawkins, J.A. (1993) Economic benefits of parasite control
in cattle. Vet. Parasitol., 46: 159-173.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(93)90056-S |
|
|
7. Van Dijk, J., Sargison, N., Kenyon, F. and Skuce, P.J.
(2010) Climate change and infectious disease: Helminthological
challenges to farmed ruminants in temperate regions. Animal,
4: 377-392.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731109990991
PMid:22443942 |
|
|
8. Taylor, E.L. (1939) Technique for the estimation of pasture
infestation by strongyloid larvae. Parasitology, 31: 473-478.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000013007 |
|
|
9. Persson, L. (1974) A modified Baermann apparatus for the
recovery of infective nematode larvae from herbage and manure.
Zentralbl. Veterinarmed., 21: 483-488.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1974.tb00524.x |
|
|
10. Keith, R.K. (1953) The differentiation of infective larvae
of some common nematode parasites of cattle. Aust. J. Zool.,
1: 223-235.
https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9530223 |
|
|
|
11. Sanyal, P.K. and Gaur, D. (1984) Studies on pasture
sampling on the availability of ovine strongyle larvae on
subtemperate Tamil Nadu. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 4: 164-170. |
|
|
|
12. MAFF. (1986) Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food,
Manual of Veterinary Parasitological Techniques. Her Majesty's
Stationery Office, London. |
|
|
|
13. Singh, A.K., Das, G., Roy, B., Kumar, S., Naresh, R. and
Nath, S. (2015) Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of
goat on communal pasture in Madhya Pradesh. Indian Vet. J.,
92(3): 67-68. |
|
|
|
14. Bulbul, K.H., Baruah, N. and Saleque, A. (2011) Pasture
larval burden of grazing land of goat in Assam during
different seasons. Environ. Ecol., 29(4): 1763-1765. |
|
|
15. Singh, D., Swarnkar, C.P., Khan, F.A., Srivastava, C.P.
and Bhagwan, P.S.K. (1997) Epidemiology of ovine
gastrointestinal nematodes at an organized farm in Rajasthan,
India. Small Rumin. Res., 26: 31-37.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(96)00988-1 |
|
|
|
16. Kumar, S., Das, G., Roy, B., Naresh, R., Singh, A.K. and
Nath, S. (2013) Incidence of nematode larvae on communal
pasture in different districts of Madhya Pradesh. Vet. Pract.,
14(2): 439-440. |
|
|
|
17. Al-Shaibani, I.R.M., Phulan, M.S., Arijo, A. and Qureshi,
T.A. (2008) Epidemiology of ovine gastrointestinal nematodes
in Hyderabad district Pakistan. Pak. Vet. J., 28: 125-130. |
|
|
18. Ogunsusi, R.A. and Eysker, M. (1979) Inhibited development
of Trichostrongylids of sheep in Northern Nigeria. Res. Vet.
Sci., 26(1): 108-110.
PMid:472478 |
|
|
19. Ogunsusi, R.A. (1979) Termination of arrested development
of Trichostrongylus in northern Nigeria. Res. Vet. Sci.,
26(2): 189-192.
PMid:262601 |
|
|
20. Durie, P.H. (1961) Parasitic gastroenteritis of cattle:
The distribution and survival of infectious larvae on pasture.
Aust. J. Agric. Res., 12: 1200-1211.
https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9611200 |
|
|
|
21. Singh, A.V. (2003) Managing internal parasites in organic
livestock. Eco Farm and Garden, Spring Issue. Available from:
http ://www.cog.ca/magazineissues.htm. Last accessed on
24-04-2016. |
|
|
22. Van Dijk, J., Louw, M.D.E., Kalis, L.P.A. and Morgan, E.R.
(2009) Ultraviolet light increases mortality of nematode
larvae and can explain patterns of larval availability at
pasture. Int. J. Parasitol., 39: 1151-1156.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.03.004
PMid:19358849 |
|
|
|
23. Enderjat, E. (1964) Helminths and helminthiasis in Assam.
Indian Vet. J., 41: 538-542. |
|
|
24. Stromberg, B.E. and Averbeck, G.A. (1999) The role of
parasite epidemiology in the management of grazing cattle.
Int. J. Parasitol., 29(1): 33-39.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00171-4 |
|
