Open Access
Research
(Published
online: 08-12-2016)
9.
Investigation of body and udder skin surface
temperature differentials as an early indicator of mastitis in
Holstein Friesian crossbred cows using digital infrared
thermography technique -
M. Sathiyabarathi, S. Jeyakumar, A. Manimaran, Heartwin A.
Pushpadass, M. Sivaram, K. P. Ramesha, D. N. Das, Mukund A.
Kataktalware, G. Jayaprakash and Tapas Kumar Patbandha
Veterinary World, 9(12): 1386-1391
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.1386-1391
M. Sathiyabarathi:
Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, Indian
Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research
Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India;
drmsathiyabarathi@gmail.com
S. Jeyakumar:
Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, Indian
Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research
Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India;
jeyakumarsakthivel@gmail.com
A. Manimaran:
Livestock Research Centre, Southern Regional Station, Indian
Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research
Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India;
maranpharma@gmail.com
Heartwin A. Pushpadass:
Dairy Engineering Section, Southern Regional Station, Indian
Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research
Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India;
heartwin1@gmail.com
M. Sivaram:
Dairy Economics and Statistics, Southern Regional Station, Indian
Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research
Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India;
sivaram.ndri@gmail.com
K. P. Ramesha:
Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station, Indian
Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research
Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India; kpragb@gmail.com
D. N. Das:
Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station, Indian
Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research
Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India;
dndasndri@gmail.com
Mukund A. Kataktalware:
Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station, Indian
Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research
Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India;
mtalware@gmail.com
G. Jayaprakash:
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Mannuthy - 680 651, Kerala, India; drgjayaprakash@gmail.com
Tapas Kumar Patbandha:
Livestock Production and Management Section, Indian Council of
Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
- 132 001, Haryana, India; patbandhavet@gmail.com
Received: 11-08-2016, Accepted: 08-11-2016, Published online:
08-12-2016
Corresponding author:
S. Jeyakumar, e-mail: jeyakumarsakthivel@gmail.com
Citation:
Sathiyabarathi M, Jeyakumar S, Manimaran A, Pushpadass HA, Sivaram
M, Ramesha KP, Das DN, Kataktalware MA, Jayaprakash G, Patbandha
TK (2016) Investigation of body and udder skin surface temperature
differentials as an early indicator of mastitis in Holstein
Friesian crossbred cows using digital infrared thermography
technique,
Veterinary World, 9(12):
1386-1391.
Abstract
Aim:
The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of
infrared thermography (IRT) technique and its interrelationship
with conventional mastitis indicators for the early detection of
mastitis in Holstein Friesian (HF) crossbred cows.
Materials and Methods:
A
total of 76 quarters of lactating HF crossbred (Bos
indicus
×
Bos taurus)
cows (n=19) were monitored for body temperature (i.e., eye
temperature) and udder skin surface temperature (USST) before
milking using forward-looking infrared (FLIR) i5 camera. Milk
samples were collected from each quarter and screened for mastitis
using Somatic Cell Count (SCC), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and
California mastitis test. Thermographic images were analyzed using
FLIR Quick Report 1.2 image analysis software. Data on body and
USST were compiled and analyzed statistically using SPSS 16.0 and
Sigmaplot 11.
Results:
The meanąstandard deviation (SD) body (37.23ą0.08°C) and USST
(37.22ą0.04°C) of non-mastitic cow did not differ significantly;
however, the mean USST of the mastitis-affected quarters were
significantly higher than the body temperature and USST of
unaffected quarters (p<0.001).
The meanąSD USST of the subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical
mastitis-affected quarters were 38.08ą0.17 °C and 38.25ą0.33 °C,
respectively, which is 0.72 and 1.05 °C higher than the USST
temperature of unaffected quarters. The USST was positively
correlated with EC (r=0.95) and SCC (r=0.93). The receiver
operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a higher
sensitivity for USST in early prediction of SCM with a cut-off
value of >37.61°C.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that infrared thermal imaging technique could be
used as a potential noninvasive, quick cowside diagnostic
technique for screening and early detection of SCM and clinical
mastitis in crossbred cows.
Keywords:
diagnosis, lactating cows, mastitis, temperature.
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