Open Access
R esearch
(Published
online:
15-01-2016)
10.
Genetic structure of
Mugil cephalus
L. populations from the northern coast of
Egypt -
Mahmoud Magdy, Mariam Gergis Eshak and Mohamed Abdel-Salam
Rashed
Veterinary World, 9(1): 53-59
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.53-59
Mahmoud Magdy:
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams
University, 68 Hadayek Shubra, 11241 Cairo, Egypt; m.elmosallamy@agr.asu.edu.eg
Mariam Gergis Eshak:
Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, Dokki,
Giza, Egypt; mgergis@yahoo.com
Mohamed Abdel-Salam Rashed:
Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, Dokki,
Giza, Egypt; rashed50@yahoo.com
Received: 19-06-2015, Revised: 15-11-2015, Accepted: 30-11-2015,
Published online: 15-01-2016
Corresponding author:
Mariam Gergis Eshak, e-mail: mgergis@yahoo.com
Citation:
Magdy M, Eshak MG, Rashed MA (2016), Genetic structure of
Mugil cephalus
L. populations from the northern coast of Egypt,
Veterinary World 9(1):
53-59 .
Abstract
Aim:
The gray mullet,
Mugil cephalus,
has been farmed in semi-intensive ponds with tilapia and carps
in Egypt for years. The current study used the fluorescent
amplified fragment length polymorphism (F-AFLP) technique to
search for genetic differences between the populations of
M. cephalus
in the northern region of Egypt and to detect the gene flow
between sampled locations and the homogeneity within
M. cephalus
genetic pool in Egypt.
Materials and Methods:
To fulfill the study objectives 60 (15/location) samples were
collected from four northern coast governorates of Egypt
(Alexandria “sea,” Kafr El-Sheikh “farm,” Damietta “farm” and
Port Said “sea”). Three replicates of bulked DNA (5
samples/replicate) for each location were successfully amplified
using the standard AFLP protocol using fluorescent primers. DNA
polymorphism, genetic diversity, and population structure were
assessed while positive outlier loci were successfully detected
among the sampled locations. Based on the geographical
distribution of sampling sites, the gene flow, the genetic
differentiation, and correlations to sampling locations were
estimated.
Results:
A total of 1890 polymorphic bands were scored for all locations,
where 765, 1054, 673, and 751 polymorphic bands were scored
between samples from Alexandria, Kafr El-Sheikh, Damietta and
Port Said, respectively. The effective number of alleles (ne)
for all bulked samples combined together was 1.42. The expected
heterozygosity under Hardy–Weinberg assumption (He) for all
bulked samples combined together was 0.28. Bulked samples from
Damietta yielded the lowest ne (1.35) and the lowest He (0.23)
when inbreeding coefficient (FIS) = 1. Bulked samples from Kafr
El-Sheikh scored the highest ne (1.55) and the highest He
(0.37). Bulked samples from Alexandria scored 1.40 for ne and
0.26 for He, while bulked samples from Port Said scored 1.39 for
ne and 0.26 for He. The observed bulked samples formed three
sub-population groups, where none is limited to a certain
sampling location. A high differentiation among locations was
detected, however, is not fully isolating the locations. Gene
flow was 0.58. Positive outliers loci (117) were detected among
the four sampled locations while weak significant correlation
(r=0.15, p=0.03) was found for the distance between them.
Conclusion:
Even though this species is cultivated in Egypt, the wild
population is still present and by the current study a flow of
its genes is still exchanged through the northern coast of
Egypt. Which contribute to the cultivated populations leading to
heterogeneity in its genetic pool and consequently affects the
production consistency of
M. cephalus
in Egypt.
Keywords:
fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism, isolation by
distance, Mantel test, marine fish,
Mugil
cephalus,
natural selection pressure, population structure.
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