Veterinary World

     Open access and peer reviewed journal  

ISSN (Online): 2231-0916

 

Home l Editorial board l Instructions for authors l Reviewer guideline l Open access policy l Archives l FAQ


Open Access


Research (Published online: 21-01-2016)

14. Episodes of clinical mastitis and its relationship with duration of treatment and seasonality in crossbred cows maintained in organized dairy farm - Narender Kumar, A. Manimaran, A. Kumaresan, L. Sreela, Tapas Kumar Patbandha, Shiwani Tiwari and Subhash Chandra

Veterinary World, 9(1): 75-79

 

 

   doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.75-79

 

 

Narender Kumar: Theriogenology Laboratory, Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI),

Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India; nklangyan@gmail.com

A. Manimaran: Southern Regional Station, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Hosur road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka,

India; maranpharma@gmail.com

A. Kumaresan: Theriogenology Laboratory, Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI),

Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India; ogkumaresan@gmail.com

L. Sreela:  Theriogenology Laboratory, Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI),

Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India; sreela312@gmail.com

Tapas Kumar Patbandha: Polytechnic in Animal Husbandry, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Junagadh Agricultural University,

Junagadh - 362 001, Gujarat, India; patbandhavet@gmail.com

Shiwani Tiwari: Theriogenology Laboratory, Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI),

Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India; shiwanitiwari@gmail.com

Subhash Chandra: Theriogenology Laboratory, Livestock Production Management Section, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI),

Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India; subhashchandra20july@gmail.com

 

Received: 12-08-2015, Revised: 09-12-2015, Accepted: 16-12-2015, Published online: 21-01-2016

 

Corresponding author: Tapas Kumar Patbandha, e-mail: patbandhavet@gmail.com


Citation: Kumar N, Manimaran A, Kumaresan A, Sreela L, Patbandha TK, Tiwari S, Chandra S (2016) Episodes of clinical mastitis and its relationship with duration of treatment and seasonality in crossbred cows maintained in organized dairy farm, Veterinary World 9(1): 75-79.



Aim: Present study aimed to evaluate the different episodes of clinical mastitis (CM) and influence of duration of treatment and seasonality on the occurrence of different episodes of CM in crossbred cows.

Materials and Methods: A total of 1194 lactation data of crossbred CM cows were collected from mastitis treatment record from 2002 to 2012. Data of CM cows were classified into types of episodes (pattern of repeated or multiple episodes occurrence) and number of episodes (magnitude of multiple cases). Types of episodes were divided as single (clinical cure by a single episode of treatment), relapse (retreatment of the same cow within 21 days), recurrence (new CM at least 21 days after treatment), and both (relapse and recurrence). The season was classified as winter (December to March), summer (April to June), rainy (July to September), and autumn (October to November). The difference between incidences of different types of CM episodes and the association between number or type of CM episodes with duration of treatment and seasons of CM occurrence were analyzed by Chi-square test.

Results: Among 1194 animals suffered with CM, 53, 16, and 18% had the single episode, relapse, and recurrence, respectively; while 13% suffered by both relapse and recurrence. We estimated the duration of treatment and found 80% of the cows treated 1-8 days, in which 65% treated for 1-4 days, while 35% cows were treated for 5-8 days. Further, 12% cows treated for 9-15 days and 7.5% cows treated >15 days. The relationship between duration of treatment and different episodes of CM revealed that 1-8 days treated cows were mostly cured by the single episode with less relapse and recurrence. In contrast, the incidences of recurrence and relapse episodes were higher in cows treated for more than 9 days. The highest incidence of relapse was noticed in winter (36%) than other seasons (10-28%), while the recurrence was less during autumn (9%) compared to other seasons (20-40%).

Conclusion: Cows those suffered by both relapse and recurrence were more susceptible to CM, and they need to be culled from farm to control the transmission of infections. Although the influence of seasonality was difficult to understand, the higher magnitude of relapse and recurrence during winter suggested the adverse effects of cold stress on treatment outcome.

Keywords: clinical mastitis, duration of treatment, episodes, recurrence, relapse, season.



1. Sharma, N., Srivastava, A.K., Bacic, G., Jeong, D.K. and Sharma, R.K. (2012) Epidemiology. In: Bovine Mastitis. 1st ed. Satish Serial Publishing House, New Delhi, India. p231-312.
 
2. Oliveira, L., Hulland, C. and Ruegg, P.L. (2013) Characterization of clinical mastitis occurring in cows on 50 large dairy herds in Wisconsin. J. Dairy Sci., 96(12): 7538-7549.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6078
PMid:24119795
 
3. Schukken, Y.H., Hertl, J., Bar, D., Bennett, G.J., Gonzalez, R.N., Rauch, B.J., Santisteban, C., Schulte, H.F., Tauer, L., Welcome, F.L. and Grohn, Y.T. (2009) Effects of repeated gram-positive and gram-negative clinical mastitis episodes on milk yield loss in Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 3091-3105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1557
PMid:19528587
 
4. Hertl, J.A., Grohn, Y.T., Leach, J.D.G., Bar, D., Bennett, G.J., Gonzalez, R.N., Rauch, B.J., Welcome, F.L., Tauer, L.W. and Schukken, Y.H. (2010) Effects of clinical mastitis caused by gram positive and gram-negative bacteria and other organisms on the probability of conception in New York State Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 93: 1551-1560.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2599
PMid:20338432
 
5. Hertl, J.A., Schukken, Y.H., Bar, D., Bennett, G.J., Gonzalez, R.N., Rauch, B.J., Welcome, F.L., Tauer, L.W. and Grohn, Y.T. (2011) The effect of recurrent episodes of clinical mastitis caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and other organisms on mortality and culling in Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 94: 4863-4877.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4000
PMid:21943738
 
6. Hertl, J.A., Schukken, Y.H., Welcome, F.L., Tauer, L.W. and Grohn, Y.T. (2014) Pathogen-specific effects on milk yield in repeated clinical mastitis episodes in Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 973: 1465-1480.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7266
PMid:24418269
 
7. Lukas, J.M., Reneau, J.K., Wallace, R., Hawkins, D. and Munoz-Zanzi, C. (2009) A novel method of analyzing daily milk production and electrical conductivity to predict disease onset. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 5964-5976.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2066
PMid:19923600
 
8. Wenz, J.R. (2004) Practical Monitoring of Clinical Mastitis Treatment Programs. Proceeding 43rd Annual National Mastitis Council Meeting Charlotte (NC). Verona (WI). National Mastitis Council. p41-46.
 
9. Pinzon-Sanchez, C. and Ruegg, P.L. (2011) Risk factors associated with short-term post-treatment outcomes of clinical mastitis. J. Dairy. Sci., 94: 3397-3410.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3925
PMid:21700025
 
10. Lago, A., Godden, S.M., Bey, R., Ruegg, P.L. and Leslie, K. (2011) The selective treatment of clinical mastitis based on on-farm culture results I: Effects on antibiotic use, milk withholding time and short-term clinical and bacteriological outcomes. J. Dairy Sci., 84: 4441-4456.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4046
 
11. Dopfer, D., Barkema, H.W., Lam, T.J., Schukken, Y.H. and Gaastra, W. (1999) Recurrent clinical mastitis caused by Escherichia coli in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 82: 80-85.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75211-2
 
12. Zadoks, R.N., Allore, H.G., Barkema, H.W., Sampimon, O.C., Wellenberg, G.J., Grohn, Y.T. and Schukken, Y.H. (2001) Cow and quarter-level risk factors for Streptococcus uberis and Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. J. Dairy Sci., 84: 2649-2663.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74719-4
 
13. Lago, A., Godden, S.M., Bey, R., Ruegg, P.L. and Leslie, K. (2011) The selective treatment of clinical mastitis based on on-farm culture results: II. Effects on lactation performance, including clinical mastitis recurrence, somatic cell count, milk production, and cow survival. J. Dairy Sci., 94: 4457-4467.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4047
 
14. Van Eenennaam, A.L., Gardner, I.A., Holmes, J., Perani, L., Anderson, R.J., Cullor, J.S. and Guterbock, W.M. (1995) Financial analysis of alternative treatments for clinical mastitis associated with environmental pathogens. J. Dairy Sci., 78: 2086-2095.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76835-7
 
15. Apparao, M.D., Ruegg, P.L., Lago, A., Godden, S., Bey, R. and Leslie, K. (2009) Relationship between in vitro susceptibility test results and treatment outcomes for gram-positive mastitis pathogens following treatment with cephapirin sodium. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 2589-2597.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1693
PMid:19447991
 
16. Bradley, A.J. and Green, M.J. (2001) Adaptation of Escherichia coli to the bovine mammary gland. J. Clin. Microbiol., 39(5): 1845-1849.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.5.1845-1849.2001
PMid:11326001 PMCid:PMC88036
 
17. Bar, D., Grohn, Y.T., Bennett, G., Gonzalez, R.N., Hertl, J.A., Schulte, H.F., Tauer, L.W., Welcome, F.L. and Schukken, Y.H. (2007) Effect of repeated episodes of generic clinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 4643-4653.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0145
PMid:17881685
 
18. Contreras, G.A. and Rodríguez, J.M. (2011) Mastitis: Comparative etiology and epidemiology. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia, 16(4): 339-356.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10911-011-9234-0
PMid:21947764
 
19. Oliver, S.P, Almeida, R.A., Gillespie, B.E., Headrick, S.J., Dowlen, H.H. and Johnson, D.L. (2004) Extended ceftiofur therapy for treatment of experimentally induced Streptococcus uberis mastitis in lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 87: 3322-3329.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73468-2
 
20. Constable, P.D. and Morin, D.E. (2003) Treatment of clinical mastitis: Using antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for treatment decisions. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract., 19: 139-155.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(02)00068-3
 
21. Hoe, F.G.H. and Ruegg, P.L. (2005) Relationship between antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical mastitis pathogens and treatment outcome in cows. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 227: 1461-1468.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2005.227.1461
PMid:16279392