Open Access
Research
(Published
online: 28-07-2016)
17.
Effect of endosulfan on immunological
competence of layer birds -
P. P. Singh, Ashok Kumar, R. S. Chauhan and P. K. Pankaj
Veterinary World, 9(7): 777-782
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.777-782
P. P. Singh:
Animal Science Section, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rajmata Vijayaraje
Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Morena, Madhya Pradesh, India;
prabalsingh1978@gmail.com
Ashok Kumar:
Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of
Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India;
ashokakt@rediffmail.com
R. S. Chauhan:
Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of
Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India;
cpogbpuat@rediffmail.com
P. K. Pankaj:
Section of Transfer of Technology, Livestock Production
Management, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland
Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; dr.pkpankaj@gmail.com
Received: 06-04-2016, Accepted: 24-06-2016, Published online:
28-07-2016
Corresponding author:
P. P. Singh, e-mail: prabalsingh1978@gmail.com
Citation:
Singh PP, Kumar A, Chauhan RS, Pankaj PK (2016) Effect of
endosulfan on immunological competence of layer birds,
Veterinary World, 9(7):
777-782.
Abstract
Aim:
The present study was aimed to investigate the immunological
competence of endosulfan insecticide after limited oral
administration in White Leghorn layer chickens.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 20 White Leghorn birds were given endosulfan in
drinking water at 30 ppm/bird/day (no observable effect level
dose) for a period of 3-months. Immune competence status of
layer birds and chicks hatched from endosulfan offered birds
were estimated at 15-day interval in layer birds and at monthly
interval in chicks using immunological, biochemical parameters,
and teratological estimates.
Results:
There was a significant decrease in levels of total leukocytes
count, absolute lymphocyte count, absolute heterophil count,
total serum protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, and serum
gamma globulin in the birds fed with endosulfan as compared to
control. Similarly, immune competence tests such as lymphocyte
stimulation test, oxidative burst assay, and enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay tests indicated lower immunity in birds
treated with endosulfan as compared to control. Subsequently,
chicks produced from endosulfan-treated birds were also examined
for immune competence, but no significant difference was
observed between chicks of both the groups.
Conclusion:
The exposure to endosulfan in limited oral dosage was able to
exhibit hemo-biochemical and other changes that could be
correlated with changes in the immunological profile of layer
chickens suggesting cautious usage of endosulfan insecticide in
poultry sheds.
Keywords:
blood biochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, layers,
immune competence, organochloride, teratogeny.
References
1. Romeo-Aguilar, M., Tovar-Sanchez, E., Sanchez-Salinas,
E., Mussali-galanate, P., Sanchez-Meza, J.C.,
Castrjon-Godinez, M.L., Dantan-Gonzalez, E., Trujillo-Vera,
M.A. and Ortiz-Hernandez, M.L. (2014) Penicillium sp. as an
organism that degrades endosulfan and reduces its genotoxic
effects. Springer Plus, 3: 536.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-536
PMid:25279327 PMCid:PMC4176840 |
|
|
|
2. Premalatha, K., Archaya, S., Deepa, N. and Gopinath, L.R.
(2015) Endosulfan degradation by secondary metabolites of
Cipadessa bacciferaan innovative approach. Int. J. Environ.
Sci., 5(5): 988-994. |
|
|
|
3. Rajkumar, U., Sharma, R.P., Bhattacharya, T.K., Niranjan,
M., Rajaravindra, K.S., Reddy, B.L.N. and Chatterjee, R.N.
(2010) Inheritance of egg quality traits in broiler naked
neck in and dwarf chicken. Indian J. Poultry Sci., 45: 1-5. |
|
|
4. Sreenivas, D., Prakash, M.G., Mahender, M. and
Chatterjee, R.N. (2013) Genetic analysis of egg quality
traits in white leghorn chicken. Vet. World, 6(5): 263-266.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2013.263-266 |
|
|
|
5. Goyal, B.S., Garg, S.K. and Garg, B.D. (1986) Immunotoxic
effect of prolonged administration of Malathion in WLH
chicks. J. Vet. Physiol. Appl. Sci., 5: 37-42. |
|
|
6. Mansour, S.A. and Mossa, A.H. (2010) Adverse effects of
lactational exposure to chlorpyrifos in suckling rats. Hum.
Exp. Toxicol., 29(2): 77-92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327109357276
PMid:20028704 |
|
|
7. Mansour, S.A. and Mossa, A.H. (2010) Oxidative damage,
bio-chemical and histopathological alterations in rats
exposed to chlorpyrifos and the antioxidant role of Zinc.
Pesticide Biochem. Physiol., 96(1): 14-23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2009.08.008 |
|
|
8. Heikal, T.M., Mossa, A.T.H., Marci, G.I. and Rasoul, M.A.
(2012) Cyromazine and Chlorpyrifos induced renal toxicity in
rats: The ameliorating affects of green tea extract.
Environ. Anal. Toxicol., 2(5): 146.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000146 |
|
|
9. Pal, S., Kokushi, E., Koyama, J.B., Uno, S. and Ghosha,
A.R. (2012) Histopathological alterations in gill, liver and
kidney of common carp exposed to CPF. J. Environ. Sci.
Health B, 47(33): 180-195.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2012.632285
PMid:22375590 |
|
|
10. Ahmed, N.S., Mohamed, A.S. and Abdel-Wahhab, M.A. (2010)
Chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress and histological
changes in retinas and kidney in rats: Protective role of
ascorbic acid and alpha tocopherol. Pestic. Biochem. Phys.,
98: 33-38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2010.04.006 |
|
|
|
11. Kammon, A.M., Brar, R.S., Banga, H.S. and Sodhi, S.
(2010) Patho-biochemical studies on hepatotoxicity and
nephrotoxicity on exposure to chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid
in layer chickens. Vet. Arch., 80: 663-672. |
|
|
12. Begum, S.A., Upadhyaya, T.N., Rahman, T., Pathak, D.C.,
Sarma, K., Barua, C.C. and Bora, R.S. (2015)
Hematobiochemical and pathological alterations due to
chronic chlorpyrifos intoxication in indigenous chicken.
Indian J Pharmacol., 47(2): 206-211.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.153432
PMid:25878384 PMCid:PMC4386133 |
|
|
|
13. Begum, S.A., Upadhyaya, T.N., Baruah, G.K., Rahman, T.,
Pathak, D.C. and Goswami, S. (2015) Pathological changes of
chlorpyriphos induced chronic toxicity in indigenous
chicken. Int. J. Inf. Res. Rev., 2(5): 682-686. |
|
|
14. Kim, R.O., Kim, B.M., Jeong, C.B., Lee, J.S. and Rhee,
J.S. (2015) Effects of chlorpyrifos on life cycle
parameters, cytochrome P450S expression, and antioxidant
systems in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus.
Environ. Toxicol. Chem., DOI: 10.1002/etc.3288.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3288 |
|
|
|
15. Bhasin, R., Mahajan, R. and Raina, S. (2014) Acute
nephrotoxicity by chlorpyrifos - An insight into its effects
on mammals. Int. J. Clin. Surg. Adv., 2(3): 12-24. |
|
|
|
16. Grasman, K.A. and Scandlon, C.M. (1995) Aquatic
pollution-induced immunotoxicity. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.,
37: 1-15. |
|
|
17. Kammon, M., Brar, R.S., Sodhi, S., Banga, H.S. and
Sandhu, H.S. (2010) Neuropathological studies of chickens
following exposure to chlorpyrifos. Toxicol. Int., 17:
78-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-6580.72675
PMid:21170250 PMCid:PMC2997460 |
|
|
18. Tripathi, S. and Srivastav, A.K. (2010) Nephrotoxicity
induced by long-term oral administration of different doses
of chlorpyrifos. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 26(7): 439-447.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233710371110
PMid:20504822 |
|
|
|
19. Kumar, V., Abbas, A.K., Fauston, N. and Mithchell, R.N.
(2012) Text Book of Robbins Basic Pathology. 8th ed.
Elsevier, A Division of Reed and Elsevier India Private
Ltd., Philadelphia, United States, p559-567. |
|
|
20. Mansour, S.A. and Mossa, A.H. (2011) Adverse effects of
exposure to low doses of chlorpyrifos in lactating rats.
Toxicol. Ind. Health, 27(3): 213-214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233710384054
PMid:20870695 |
|
|
|
21. Chauhan, R.S. (1998) An Introduction to Immunopathology,
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,
Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. p339. |
|
|
22. Natt, M.P. and Herrick, C.A. (1952) A new blood diluent
for counting erythrocytes and leucocytes of the chicken.
Poultry Sci., 31: 735-738.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0310735 |
|
|
|
23. Kumar, R., Singhal, L.K., Singh, B.P. and Chauhan, R.S.
(2002) Effect of butachlor on cell-mediated immunity in
chicken. J. Immuunol. Immunopathol., 4(1&2): 84-87. |
|
|
24. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.E. (1987) Statistical
Methods. 6th ed. Oxford and IBH Publication Co., New Delhi,
India.
PMid:3440385 |
|
|
25. Garg, S. and Chauhan, R.S. (2000) Immuno - Suppressive
Effect of Lindane (Y-BHC) on Humoral Immune Responses in
Poultry; In: Proceedings of XXI. World Poultry Congress.
Montreal Canada. p227-228.
PMid:10660718 |
|
|
|
26. Chauhan, R.S. (2001) Immuno-pathological effects of
environmental pollutants in animals. Pantnagar News, 4: 3-4. |
|
|
|
27. Gupta, N. (2001) Impact of Butachlor and Isoprotron on
the Immunity of Chickens. M.V.Sc. Thesis. G.B. Pant
University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. |
|
|
28. Bleavins, M.R., Richard, J.A. and Robert, K.R. (1983)
Hexa - Chlorobenzene induced effects on the lymphocyte
blastogenic response to coccanavilin - A in the mink and
European ferrat. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 2: 411-418.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620020405 |
|
|
|
29. Bhushan, B. (1993) A Study on Immune-Toxicological
Effects of Malathion and Carbaryl in Chickens. M.V.Sc.
Thesis. CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India. |
|
|
|
30. Kumar, S. (1994) Immunotoxic Effect of Endosulfan and
Cypermethrin in Chickens. M.V.Sc. Thesis. CCS Haryana
Agricultural University, Hissar, India. |
|
|
31. Nathan, C.F. and Hibbs, J.B. (1991) Role of nitric oxide
synthesis in macrophage antimicrobial activity. Curr. Opin.
Immun., 3: 65-70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-7915(91)90079-G |
|
|
|
32. Kuby, J. (2000) Generation of humoral immune response.
In: Goldsby, R.A., Kindt, T.J. and Orborne, B.A., editors.
Immunology. 4th ed. W. H. Freeman & Company, New York.
p329-355. |
|
|
|
33. Chauhan, R.S. and Tripathi, B.N. (2002) Veterinary
Immunopathology, (Theory and Practice). IBDC, Lucknow. p476. |
|
|
34. Katsenovich, L.A., Rozybakiev, R.M. and Fedorina, L.A.
(1981) T and B cell immunity in patients with pesticide
poisoning. Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabal., 4: 17-19.
PMid:6453755 |
|
|
35. Street, J.C. and Sharma, R.P. (1975) Alteration of
induced cellular and humoral immune responses by pesticide
and chemicals of environmental concerns: Quantitative
studies of immune-suppression by DDT, aroclor 1254, carbaryl,
carbofuron and methylparathion. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.,
32: 587-602.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(75)90123-4 |
|
|
|
36. Saha, H. and Banerjee, B.D. (1994) Effect of Sub-Chronic
Lindane Exposure on Humoral and Cell Mediated Immune
Responses in Albino Rats. Paper Presented in XII Annual
Conference of the Society of Toxicology. December, 2-4
Bhubaneshwar, India. |
|
|
37. Barnett, J.B., Spyker-Cranmer, J.M., Avery, D.L. and
Hoberman, A.M. (1980) Immuno-competence over the lifespan of
mice exposed in utero to carbofuron of diazinon: I. Changes
in serum immunoglobulin concentrations. J. Environ. Pathol.
Toxicol., 4: 53-64.
PMid:7217860 |
|
|
|
38. Wahbi, A.A., EI Dirdiri, N. and Tageldin, M.H. (1987)
Sevin (carbaryl α-naphtyl carbamate) toxicity to Sudanese
Nubian goats. Bull. Anim. Health Prod. Afr., 35: 53-58. |
|
|
39. Chung, R.A., Williams, C.S., Naidu, Y.M. and Thankare,
V.R. (1989) Influence of DDT and PCBs in rabbits and goats
as related to nucleic acid, protein and lipid metabolism. J.
Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol., 9: 283-302.
PMid:2509680 |
|
|
|
40. Mishra, S., Sharma, L.D. and Ahamad, A.H. (1994)
Clinio-Haemato-Biochemical Profile in Buffalo Calves
Following Deltamethrin Sparay. Paper Presented in XII Annual
Conference of the Society of Toxicology. December, 2-4,
Bhubaneshwar, India. |
|
